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Perception

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4 views

Perception

Uploaded by

crad to
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dr.

Chinmayee Patel
 1. definition
 2.principles of perception
 3.errors or abnormality in perception
 The ability to see, hear or become aware of
something through the senses.
 Awareness of something through the senses.
 The neurophysiological processes, including
memory, by which an organism becomes
aware of and interprets external stimuli.
 The way in which something is regarded,
understood or interpret.
 Awareness, understanding, senses,
impression
 Observation involves two mental activities-
sensation and perception.
 ‘ perception is the interpretation of sensory
stimuli, which reach the sense organs and
brain.’
 Interpretation gives meaning to sensation
and we become aware of perception.
 perception is the process by which we
discriminate (to make separate)among stimuli
and interpret (to explain the meaning)their
meanings and appreciate their significance.

Perception gives meaning of sensation.

Perception- sensation + interpretation.

Human beings have perceptions corresponding to


each sense organs- visual perception, auditory
perception.
 Charles G. Morries:
 All the processes involved in creating
meaningful patterns out of jumble of sensory
impressions fall under the general category
of perception.
 R.E. silverman:
 Perception is an individual’s awareness
aspect of behavior, for it is the way each
person processes the raw data he or she
receives from the environment into meaning
full patterns.
 The senses impression must be organized
into meaningful units. Otherwise, these
sense impression have no meaning.
 so, the organization and grouping take place
according to certain principles.
1) Proximity or nearness
2) Similarity
3) Symmetry and closure
4) Inclusiveness
5) Continuity
6) Familiarity or past experience
7) Figure ground relationship
 Objects or figures, which are close to each
other, will form a unit or pattern.

 We see three sets of two lines each and not


six separate lines
 Objects or figures which are similar in shape
or forms, though mixed up with other things
we will have the tendency of perceiving
them together in form of a unit or pattern.

 Items that form symmetrical units are
grouped together.

 We see 3 set of brackets , we don’t see 6


uncorrected lines.
 Sometimes due to past experience or
training, objects which are similar or not,
close together or not , if they are in place ,
they will have the tendency to form a unit
and do not appear separate.
 Continuous lines or dots irrespective of shape
or size or color will form a unit.
 In the figure the dots which form a vertical
plane will form a vertical line and horizontal
plane will form a horizontal line.
 Together they form horizontal- vertical unit.

 From a mass of dots or lines , a familiar
pattern or figure stands out more easily than
other figure. This depends on past
experience.
 The perception is made against a
background.
 The formation of the figure mostly depends
upon the more advantageous shape or color
of some part of the field of awareness.
 So in every perception there is figure ground
relationship.
 The figure which emerges from a background
, may become a background for some other
figure.
 e.g. smile on face, paintings, mother figure
for child.
 Perception is also depending on other
factors, such as:
 Values and interest
 Brain function
 Past experience
 Attitude(mood)
 Emotions
 Motives
 They influence the perceptual ability of an
individual.
 Illusion:
 It is wrong or false perception because of
wrong interpretation of stimuli. E.g.
 A rope in a dark is perceived as a snake.
 Illusion of motion picture on the screen.
 Illusion is a normal and universal
phenomenon unlike hallucination.
 The vertical line drawn from midpoint to the
horizontal line. Though the two line are
equal in length, the vertical lines looks
longer than the horizontal line. This is
because of the movement of the eyes along
the vertical line.
 The line X looks longer than line Y. this is
because of the line Y has arrowhead which is
enclosed, where as line X is with featherhead
which looks more open.
 This illusion emphasizes open figure looks
longer and larger than the enclosed area.
 This perception of apparent movement is due
to primitive organization of perception.
 Phi phenomenon apparatus in the lab can
demonstrate this illusion of movement.
 The apparatus has two lights.
 They can be made go on and off alternatively
at a particular speed. We perceive it as one
light moving.
 This is an extreme form of inaccurate,
abnormal false perception of stimulus, which
does not exist in the environment. E. g.:
 Seeing ghost in the dark.
 Seeing God.
 Only those who are mentally sick or
emotionally maladjusted feel hallucination.
 It takes place because of inner fear, anxiety
or conflict
 It can be visual, auditory, olfactory and
cutaneous.
 Thank...............you...........

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