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CH 5 NLP

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14 views

CH 5 NLP

Uploaded by

ZALMAAN YARE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Natural Language Processing

What is NLP?

• Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to AI method of


communicating with an intelligent system using a natural language
such as English.
• Natural Language Processing or NLP is a field of Artificial
Intelligence that gives the machines the ability to read, understand
and derive meaning from human languages.
Continue..

• Processing of Natural Language is required when you want an


intelligent system like robot to perform as per your instructions,
when you want to hear decision from a dialogue based clinical
expert system, etc.
• The field of NLP involves making computers to perform useful tasks
with the natural languages humans use.
• The input and output of an NLP system can be −
 Speech
 Written Text
Components of NLP
• There are two components of NLP as given −
1. Natural Language Understanding (NLU):Understanding involves the
following tasks:
A. Mapping the given input in natural language into useful
representations.
B. Analyzing different aspects of the language.
2. Natural Language Generation (NLG)
• It is the process of producing meaningful phrases and sentences in the
form of natural language from some internal representation.
• It involves −
A. Text planning − It includes retrieving the relevant content from
knowledge base.
B. Sentence planning − It includes choosing required words, forming
meaningful phrases, setting tone of the sentence.
C. Text Realization − It is mapping sentence plan into sentence structure.
The NLU is harder than NLG.
Use Cases of NLP

• NLP can help you with lots of tasks and the fields of application just
seem to increase on a daily basis. Let’s mention some examples:
NLP enables the recognition and prediction of diseases based on
electronic health records and patient’s own speech. For example:
Amazon Comprehend Medical detects and returns useful information in
unstructured clinical text such as physician's notes, discharge summaries,
test results, and case notes.
Organizations can determine what customers are saying about a service
or product by identifying and extracting information in sources like social
media.
Stopping spam: Companies like Yahoo and Google filter and classify your
emails with NLP by analyzing text in emails.
 Identifying fake news: it can determine if a source is accurate or
politically biased, detecting if a news source can be trusted or not.
Voice Assistants like Amazon’s Alexa and Apple’s Siri which uses NLP to
respond to vocal prompts and do everything like find a particular shop,
tell us the weather forecast, suggest the best route to the office or turn
on the lights at home.
Social Media Marketing
Chatbots
• The main drawbacks we face these days with NLP relate to the fact that
language is very tricky.
• The process of understanding and manipulating language is extremely
complex.
• it is common to use different techniques to handle different challenges
before binding everything together. Programming languages like Python
or R are highly used to perform these techniques.
Why is NLP difficult?

• Natural Language processing is considered a difficult problem in


computer science. It’s the nature of the human language that makes NLP
difficult.
• for example, when someone uses a sarcastic remark to pass information.
• Comprehensively understanding the human language requires
understanding both the words and how the concepts are connected to
deliver the intended message.
• While humans can easily master a language, the ambiguity and imprecise
characteristics of the natural languages are what make NLP difficult for
machines to implement.
• Another example, what do you think the following piece of text means?
• “Messi was on fire last night. He totally destroyed the other team”
• To a human it’s probably quite obvious what this sentence means.
• We know Messi is a football player; When we see “on fire” and “destroyed”
we know that it means Messi played really well last night and beat the other
team.
• But the computers or IA machines tend to take things a bit too literally.
Viewing things literally like a computer. it can see that Messi “was on fire”….
A computer might tell you that someone literally lit Messi on fire yesterday.
• Again the computer might say that Messi has physically destroyed the other
team.
• Finally, natural languages are difficult to deal with because they are very
large, and constantly changing.
NLP Terminology
• Phonology: It is study of organizing sound systematically.
• Syntax: It refers to arranging words to make a sentence. It also involves
determining the structural role of words in the sentence and in phrases.
• Pragmatics: It deals with using and understanding sentences in different
situations and how the interpretation of the sentence is affected.
• Semantics: It is concerned with the meaning of words and how to
combine words into meaningful phrases and sentences.

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