Lesson 3

Components of an
Android Application
 Components of an
Android Application
 The components of an Android
application are like the building blocks
that come together to create the
functionality and user experience of an
app. These components work together to
perform specific tasks and interact with
the user.
 The Android Development Framework is like a
toolbox for app creators. Imagine you want to build a
house; you'd need tools like hammers, saws, and
nails. Similarly, when people want to create apps for
Android devices like smartphones and tablets, they
use the Android Development Framework, which is a
set of tools, rules, and building blocks that make app
development easier.
Components of an Android Application
1. Activities (Screens) 3. Broadcast Receivers (Message
Activities are like the different screens or windows in Listeners)
your app. Each screen is responsible for a specific
part of your app's user interface and functionality. For Broadcast receivers are like listeners or message
example, you might have one activity for the login catchers. They wait for specific events or messages to
screen, another for the main menu, and another for arrive, such as incoming SMS messages or
viewing user profiles. notifications. When these events occur, broadcast
receivers can trigger actions or inform other parts of
your app.
2. Services (Background Tasks) 4. Content Providers (Data Access)
Services are like background workers. They perform Content providers are like data managers. They
tasks that don't require a user interface, such as allow different parts of your app to share and access
playing music in the background, checking for new data, such as contacts, calendar events, or app-
messages, or fetching data from the internet even specific information. They provide a secure way to
when the app is not on the screen. interact with data stored on the device.
Other Components of an Android Application
1. Fragments 4. Intents
Fragments are like small, reusable building blocks for your app's Intents are like messages that allow different parts of your app to
user interface. Think of them as pieces of a screen. You can communicate. They can be used to start activities, services, or
combine multiple fragments to create flexible layouts that work on broadcast receivers, and they can carry data between them. Intents
both phones and tablets. Fragments are handy for organizing your are essential for triggering actions like opening a new screen or
app's UI and adapting it to different screen sizes. sharing data between app components.

2. Views 5. Resources
Views are the individual elements you see on the screen, such as Resources are like assets that your app uses, such as images,
buttons, text fields, images, and checkboxes. Each view serves a strings, and layouts. Storing resources separately from your code
specific purpose and can respond to user interactions, like clicking makes it easier to manage and customize your app's appearance
a button or typing in a text field. and content. For example, you can have different strings for
different languages to support internationalization.
3. User Interface Elements
Layouts are like containers for views. They help you arrange and
organize views on the screen. Android offers various layout types,
6. Manifest
such as LinearLayout (arranges views in a single line) and The AndroidManifest.xml file is like the blueprint for your app. It
RelativeLayout (positions views relative to each other), to control contains essential information about your app, like its package
how your app's UI elements are displayed. name, permissions, and the components it contains (activities,
services, broadcast receivers). The Android system uses the
manifest to understand how to run your app and what it can do.
Android Version Releases
Android Versions
Android Versions
Android has gone through several versions over time. Each version is identified by a
version number, which typically consists of three parts: major.minor.patch (e.g., 2.1,
2.3.3, 3.0, 4.0, etc.).

• When the first digit of the version changes (e.g., from 2.x to 3.x), it signifies a
significant update with many new features and changes.
• When the second digit changes (e.g., from 2.3.x to 2.4.x), it indicates more of an
evolutionary update with some new features but not a complete overhaul. Often, a new
code name is assigned.
• When only the third digit changes (e.g., from 2.3.3 to 2.3.4), it represents a minor
update with bug fixes and small improvements.
API Levels
API Levels
Android assigns each version an API
level. These levels are assigned in a
sequential and incremental manner.
They are used by developers to indicate
which features and capabilities are
available on a specific Android version.
Code Names
Code Names
Android versions also have code names, which
are typically named after sweet foods and are
arranged alphabetically (e.g., Cupcake, Donut,
Eclair, etc.). Notably, the earliest versions
(API levels 1 and 2) did not have official code
names.
 Backward
Compatibility
Backward Compatibility
Android is designed to be backward-compatible. This means that apps developed for
older Android versions can generally run on newer Android versions without the need
for modification or recompilation.

• For example, an app developed for Android 1.5 should still work on Android 7
without major issues.
• However, if you develop an app specifically for a newer Android version (e.g.,
Android 7), it may use features and APIs that don't exist in older versions (e.g.,
Android 1.5). In such cases, the older device may not be able to install and run the
newer app unless specific compatibility measures are taken.
Codename Version Release Date API
Level

Codename Version Release Date API Level

_______ 1.0 Sep. 23, 2008 1
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Banana Bread 1.1 Feb. 9, 2009 2
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Cupcake 1.5 Apr. 29, 2009 3
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Donut 1.6 Sep. 15, 2009 4
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Eclair 2.0 Nov. 26, 2009 5
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Froyo 2.2 May. 20, 2010 8
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Gingerbread 2.3 Dec. 6, 2010 9
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Dec.6.10 9

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Honeycomb 3.0 Feb. 22, 2011 11
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Ice Cream 4.0 Oct. 18, 2011 14
Sandwich
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 Oct.18.11 14

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Jellybean 4.1 Jul. 9, 2012 16
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 Oct.18.11 14
Jelly Bean 4.1 Jul.9.12 16

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Kitkat 4.4 Oct. 31, 2013 19
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 Oct.18.11 14
Jelly Bean 4.1 Jul.9.12 16
Kitkat 4.4 Oct.31.13 19

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Lollipop 5.0 March. 21, 2015 22
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 Oct.18.11 14
Jelly Bean 4.1 Jul.9.12 16
Kitkat 4.4 Oct.31.13 19
Lollipop 5.0 Mar.21.15 22
Codename Version Release Date API Level
Marshmallow 6.0 October. 5, 2015 23
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 Oct.18.11 14
Jelly Bean 4.1 Jul.9.12 16
Kitkat 4.4 Oct.31.13 19
Lollipop 5.0 Mar.21.15 22
Marshmallow 6.0 Oct.5.15 23 Codename Version Release Date API Level
Nougat 7.0 August. 22, 2016 24
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
_____ 1.0 Sep.23.08 1
Banana Bread 1.1 Feb.9.09 2
Cupcake 1.5 Apr.29.09 3
Donut 1.6 Sep.15.09 4
Eclair 2.0 Nov.26.09 5
Froyo 2.2 May.20.10 8
Gingerbread 2.3 Feb.22.11 9
Honeycomb 3.0 Dec.6.10 11
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 Oct.18.11 14
Jelly Bean 4.1 Jul.9.12 16
Kitkat 4.4 Oct.31.13 19
Lollipop 5.0 Mar.21.15 22
Marshmallow 6.0 Oct.5.15 23
Nougat 7.0 Aug.22.16 24
Codename Version Release Date API
Level

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Oreo 8.0 August. 21, 2017 26
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Pie 9.0 August. 6, 2018 28
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26
Pie 9.0 Aug.6.18 28

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Queen Cake 10.0 Sep. 3, 2019 29
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26
Pie 9.0 Aug.6.18 28
Queen Cake 10.0 Sep.3.19 29

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Red Velvet 11.0 Sep. 8 2020 30
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26
Pie 9.0 Aug.6.18 28
Queen Cake 10.0 Sep.3.19 29
Red Velvet 11.0 Sep.8.2020 30

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Snow Cone 12.0 Oct. 4 2021 31
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26
Pie 9.0 Aug.6.18 28
Queen Cake 10.0 Sep.3.19 29
Red Velvet 11.0 Sep.8.2020 30
Snow Cone 12.0 Oct.4.21 31

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Tiramisu 13.0 Aug. 15 2022 33
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26
Pie 9.0 Aug.6.18 28
Queen Cake 10.0 Sep.3.19 29
Red Velvet 11.0 Sep.8.2020 30
Snow Cone 12.0 Oct.4.21 31
Tiramisu 13.0 Aug.15.22 33

Codename Version Release Date API Level

Upside Down 14.0 Sep. 4 2023 34
Cake
Codename Version Release Date API
Level
Oreo 8.0 Aug.21.17 26
Pie 9.0 Aug.6.18 28
Queen Cake 10.0 Sep.3.19 29
Red Velvet 11.0 Sep.8.2020 30
Snow Cone 12.0 Oct.4.21 31
Tiramisu 13.0 Aug.15.22 33
Upside Down 14.0 Sep.4.23 34
Cake
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