LESSON 2

PERMUTATION
Grade 10 -Fourth
Quarter
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the session, the students are
expected to:

 illustrate the permutation of objects

 derive the formula for finding the number

of permutation of objects taken r at a time

 realize the importance of learning

permutation in real-life situations

 solves problems involving permutations

 DEFINITION
Permutation
is a mathematical technique that
determines the possible arrangements in a set
when the order of arrangement matters.

Some Practical Applications of Permutation in Real-life

 arrangement of books in a sh elf
 arrangement of people in a seat, in a line formation and in a
round table
 in computer for analyzing sorting algorithms
 in quantum physics for describing states of particles
 in Biology for describing RNA sequences
 use of combination lock is we are not fond of carrying
key always
 use of passwords for log in, pincodes for ATM cards
 NUMBER OF PERMUTATION OF N
DIFFERENT OBJECTS
Example 1 In how many ways can 6
people be arranged in a row?
Solution:
n! = n (n - 1)(n-2)(n-3)...2• 1
= 6 • 5• 4 •3 • 2 • 1
6! =720 ways
 NUMBER OF PERMUTATION OF N
DIFFERENT OBJECTS
Example 2 In how many ways can 8
people be arranged in a row if two persons must sit
next to each
other?

Solution:
2! x 7! = 10 080 ways
Example 3In how many ways can 8
people be arranged in a row if two persons are
enemies? Solution:
8! - 2! x 7! =40 320 - 10 080
= 30 240 ways
 NUMBER OF PERMUTATION OF N
DIFFERENT OBJECTS
Example 4 : In how many ways can 8
people be arranged in a row if there are 4 men
and 4 women and no two women or two men
can sit next to each other?

Solution:
4! x 4! x 2! = 1152 ways
Example 5In how many ways can 8
people be arranged in a row if there are 4 married
couples and each couple must sit together?
4! x (2!)4 =4! x 2! x 2! x 2! x 2!
=384 possible ways
 NUMBER OF PERMUTATION OF N
DIFFERENT OBJECTS
Example 6 On a shelf there are 6 different Math
books, 4 different Science books and 8 novels. How
many ways can the books be arranged if the
groupings are maintained (meaning all the Math
books are together as well as the Science and novel
books)

Solution:
6! x 4! x 8! x 3! = 4, 180, 377, 600 ways
 CIRCULAR PERMUTATION
A Circular permutation is the total number of ways in which n
distinct objects can be arranged around a fixed circle.

The number of circular permutations of n objects

is (n- 1)!
Example 1 In how many different ways can five men and five women
sit around a table if:
a. there is no restriction
If there is no restriction, then this problem is the same as the circular
permutation of 10 objects (five men and five women).
The number of permutation is (10 - 1) ! =
9! = 362 880
 Example 2 In how many ways can seven persons sit around a table
so that all not have the same neigbors in any two
Solution: arrangements.
Seven persons can sit around a table in (7-1)! or
6! ways. But in clockwise and counterclockwise
arrangements, each person will have the same
neighbor.
So the required number ways is x 6! = 360.

Example 3 In how many ways can 5 keys be arranged in a key ring?

Solution:
The number of permutation of 5 keys around a key
ring is = 12 ways
 Permutations of n Objects Taken r at a time
The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is

nPr =

Example 1 In a fitness center, there are 5 different pieces of

equipment. If only 3 pieces of equipment out of 5 are
used, how many choices of orders of usage are there?
The number of choices of orders = 5 P 3
5P3 =

= = 60 choices
 Permutations of n Objects Taken r at a time
The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is

nPr =

Example 2 How many 3 letter words with or without meaning can

be formed out of the letters of the word JUMP when
repetition of the letters is not allowed?
The number of choices of orders = 4 P 3
4P3 =

= 24 three letter words

 Distinguishable Permutations
If a set of n objects consists of k different kinds of objects with n 1 objects of
the first kind, n2 objects of the second kind, n3 objects of third kind, and so on,
where n1 + n2 + .... + nk = n, then the number of distinguisahable permutations
of these objects is

Example 1 Find the number of ways of placing 12 balls in

a row given that 5 are red, 3 are green and 4
are yellow.

The number of ways is =

= 27 720
 Distinguishable Permutations
Example 2 In how many ways can the letters of the word MISSISSIPPI
be arranged?
The word MISSISSIPPI consists of 11 letters . There are 4 different types of
letters in it. One is letter M, 4 letters of I, 2 Letters of P and 4 letters of S.
The number of ways is =

= 34 650
Fourteen construction workers are to be assigned to three
Example 3 different tasks. Six workers are needed for mixing cement, 5
for laying bricks and three for carrying bricks to the layers. In
how many different ways can the workers be assigned to these
tasks? The number of ways is =

= 168 168
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
1. There are 9 different set lunches provided by a restaurant everyday. Peter
takes lunch in this restaurant from Monday to Friday. If he does not want to
repeat the set lunch during this week in how many ways can he arrange his
lunch?
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
1. There are 9 different set lunches provided by a restaurant everyday. Peter
takes lunch in this restaurant from Monday to Friday. If he does not want to
repeat the set lunch during this week in how many ways can he arrange his
lunch?

9 P5 =

9 P5 = 15 120 ways
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
2. A company adopts a new security code system for internet safety.
These codes consist of 7 digits from (1 , 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9)without
repetition.
a. Find the total number of possible codes in this system.
b. Another set of codes is used for staff identification by using only 5
of these 7 digits without repetition. What is the total number of codes
for staff identification?
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
2. A company adopts a new security code system for internet safety.
These codes consist of 7 digits from (1 , 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9)without
repetition.
a. Find the total number of possible codes in this system.
b. Another set of codes is used for staff identification by using only 5
of these 7 digits without repetition. What is the total number of codes
for staff identification?

a.Solution:
7! = 5 040 different codes

b.Solution:
P5 = 2 520 codes for staff identification
7
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
3. The letters of the word “SENIOR” are rearranged.
a. What is the number of permutation?
b. How many of them are the three vowels next to each other?

a. Solution:
6! = 720 words
b. Solution:
4!3! = 144 words
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
3. The letters of the word “SENIOR” are rearranged.
a. What is the number of permutation?
b. How many of them are the three vowels next to each other?
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
4. Find the number of ways in which 5 people A, B, C, D and E can be seated at
a round table, such that
a. A and B always sit together.
b. C and D never sit together

a. Solution:
(4-1)!2! = 12 ways
b. Solution:
(5-1)! - (4-1)!3! = 4! - 3!2!
= 24 - 12
= 12 ways
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
5. Consider the 8 digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9
a. How many 8-digit numbers can be formed if each digit
can be used once?
b.How many 3-digit numbers can be formed if each digit
can be used only once?
c. How many of these numbers formed in b are odd
numbers?
a. Solution:
8! = 40 320 8-digit differen numbers
b. Solution:
8P3 = 336 3-digit numbers

c. Solution:
6 x 7 x 5 = 210 3-digit numbers
SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
5. Consider the 8 digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9
a. How many 8-digit numbers can be formed if each digit
can be used once?
b.How many 3-digit numbers can be formed if each digit
can be used only once?
c. How many of these numbers formed in b are odd
numbers?
 SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
6. Six cars are in the car park of a shopping arcade. Find the number of ways
to park the cars if:
a. there are parking spaces
b.there are 10 parking spaces

a. Solution:
6P6 = 720 ways

b. Solution:
10P6 = 151 200 ways
 SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
7. Peter and 11 other people are participating in a music competition. Suppose
the partcipants are equally skillful,
a. how many ways could the champion, first runner up, and second runner up
be arranged?
b.Peter is not the champion. In how many ways could the champion, first runner
up and second runner up be arranged?
 SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
7. Peter and 11 other people are participating in a music competition. Suppose
the partcipants are equally skillful,
a. how many ways could the champion, first runner up, and second runner up
be arranged?
b.Peter is not the champion. In how many ways could the champion, first runner
up and second runner up be arranged?
a. Solution:
11P3 = 1 320 ways

b. Solution:
11 x 11 x 10 = 1 210 ways
 SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
8. Sally, Jane and Ann and three other people sit in a row in a conference. Find
the number of waysto arrange their seats if

a.any two of Sally , Jane and Ann do not sit together

 SYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY: Read and Solve
8. Sally, Jane and Ann and three other people sit in a row in a conference. Find
the number of waysto arrange their seats if

a.any two of Sally , Jane and Ann do not sit together

a. Solution:
6! - 4!3!= 576 ways
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