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Lecture 1

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Ramos, Keith A.
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Lecture 1

Uploaded by

Ramos, Keith A.
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Agrometeorology and

Management

AgriElec1

SADERI G. RAMEL, RA, LPT, MSc.


Isabela State University
What do you see?
Agrometeorology:
Perspectives and Applications
Agrometeorology (from agricultural meteorology):
-puts the science of meteorology to the service of
agriculture, in its various forms and facets, to help
with the sensible use of land, to accelerate the
production of food, and to avoid the irreversible
abuse of land resources (Smith, 1970).
-science investigating the meteorological,
climatological, and hydrological conditions that are
significant to agriculture owing to their interaction
with the objects and processes of agriculture
production (Molga, 1962).

Biometeorology (adopted by the International


Society of
Biometeorology (ISB) states) :
-interdisciplinary science dealing with the
application of fields of meteorology and
Agrometeorology:
Perspectives and Applications

Three subbranches of
Biometeorology (Hope, 2000)
1. Plant
2. Animal
3. Human
Biometeorology

Domain of Agrometeorology
1. Plant
2. Animal
Agrometeorology : A HOLISTIC
SCIENCE
“…an interdisciplinary science in which the main scientific
disciplines involved are atmospheric sciences and soil sciences, which
are concerned with the physical environment, and plant sciences and
animal sciences (including their pathology, entomology, and parasitology,
etc.), which deal with the contents of the biosphere”

The interdisciplinary nature of agrometeorology is both its greatest


strength and its greatest weakness (Hollinger, 1994).

Strength- agricultural meteorologist’s understanding of the interactions


of physical and biological worlds

Weakness- political reality that agricultural meteorology is not fully


appreciated by the more traditional practitioners of the physical and
biological sciences.
Agrometeorology : A HOLISTIC
SCIENCE

“…It has a set approach in theory and methodology. Its subject


matter
links together the physical environment and biological
responses under natural conditions….”

Four Stage Approach:


1. Formulates an accurate description of the physical
environment and biological responses.
2. Interprets biological responses in terms of the physical
environment.
3. Makes agrometeorological forecasts.
4. Develop agrometeorological services, strategies, and
support systems for on-farm strategic and tactical decisions
and to implement them in collaboration with specialists in
agriculture, livestock, and forestry.
Agrometeorology : Scope
“…concerned with the interactions between meteorological and
hydrological factors on the one hand and agriculture, in the widest sense
including horticulture, animal husbandry, and forestry, on the other…”
Agrometeorology : Scope
Objective: To discover and define such effects and to
apply knowledge of the atmosphere to practical
agricultural use.
Field of Interest:
1. Underground- From the soil surface layer to the
depth down to which tree roots penetrate
2. Atmosphere-Air layer near the ground in which crops
and higher organisms grow and animals live, to the
highest levels in the atmosphere through which the
transport of seeds, spores, pollen, and insects may
take place
Secret of meteorological phenomena: Increasing
interest in remote sensing and interactions between
oceans and the atmosphere in shaping seasonal
conditions
Agrometeorology : PRACTICAL
UTILITY

Dangers to the natural resource base, crops, and


livestock that have a
meteorological component:
1. pollution of soil and air
2. soil erosion from wind or water
3. incidence and effects of drought
4. crop growth
5. Animal production
6. the incidence and extent of pests and diseases
7. the incidence, frequency, and extent of frost
8. the dangers of forest or bush fires
9. losses during storage and transport
10.all farm operations
Agrometeorology : PRACTICAL
UTILITY

Role of Agrometeorology:
1. Strategic- involved in the assessment of
long-term utilization of natural resources in
the development of crop diversity
2. Tactical- more concerned with the short-
term and field-scale decisions that directly
influence crop growth and development
Agrometeorology : PRACTICAL
UTILITY
Direct Weather effects- drought, flash floods,
untimely rains, frost, hail, and storms
-large percentage of the total annual crop losses in
world agriculture
-Losses in harvest and storage, as well as those due
toparasites, insects, and plant diseases

Tailored weather information- contributes toward


making short-term adjustments in daily agricultural
operations, which minimize losses resulting from
adverse weather conditions and improve the yield
and quality of agricultural products
-guidelines for long-range or seasonal planning and
the selection of crops most suited to anticipated
climatic conditions
Agrometeorology : PRACTICAL
UTILITY (Other Applications)
Improvement in techniques based on sound interpretation of
meteorological knowledge:
irrigation and water allocation strategies; shelter from wind or
cold;
shade from excessive heat; antifrost measures, including the
choice of site; antierosion measures; soil cover and mulching;
plant cover using glass or plastic materials; artificial climates
of growth chambers or heated structures; animal housing and
management; climate control in storage and transport; and
efficient use of herbicides, insecticides, and fertilizers

Agrometeorological models- used in efficient land-use


planning; determining suitable crops for a region; risk analysis
of climatic hazards and profit calculations in farming;
production or harvest forecasts; and the adoption of farming
methods and the choice of effective farm machinery
Agrometeorology : CHRONOLOGY OF
DEVELOPMENTS

Agriculture to Microclimatic
Meteorology and
Weather (2000 measurements
Agrometeorology
years ago) and Models
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS:
Quantification of Crop-Weather Relationships

Going on for several centuries- Visual


observations of the microclimate and its
impact on crop plants have been going on for
several centuries

First half of the twentieth century-


measurement of the
characteristics of the microclimate in
laboratory and experimental fields
was strengthened
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS:
Quantification of Crop-Weather Relationships

The role of water in soil climate was


recognized, and the link between the physical
properties of soil, heat exchange, and water
movement was investigated.

- analyses were a first attempt to use statistics


to describe the nature of the relationship
between variable yields, production, and
climate.
- Later, the relationship between yields
and rainfall was studied using multiple
correlation methods
-1920s (with some refinements in techniques),
correlation and regression
analyses have become the favorite tools
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Energy
Balance Quantification

-First half of the twentieth century- great


contributions toward the quantification of water loss
and use by plants
-Research studies on the measurement and analysis of
energy fluxes above crops and on crop
evapotranspiration were stimulated.
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Energy
Balance Quantification

Methods:
1. Bowen ratio- partitioning the energy
used in evaporation and heating the air
2. Penman method -
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Biological
Studies in Controlled Climates
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Biological
Studies in Controlled Climates
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Modeling
Biological Response to Climate
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Remote
Sensing of the Environment and Vegetation
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Weather and
Climate Information for Agriculture
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Crop-
Related Climate Data Archives
CHRONOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENTS: Climate
Change and Impact
FUTURE NEEDS: Agroclimatological Database
FUTURE NEEDS: Research
FUTURE NEEDS: Agrometeorological Models
FUTURE NEEDS: Environmental Management
FUTURE NEEDS: Climate Change Impact
FUTURE NEEDS: Pest and Disease Management
FUTURE NEEDS: Education and Training
FUTURE NEEDS: Services

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