ARCHITECTURAL DESING –V

LITERATURE
STUDY
 INTRODUCTION  SPACIAL PLANNING  PLANNING ASPECTS
A bus terminal, or terminus, is the point where a bus route
• Need of the terminal arises with increase in the
starts or ends, where vehicles stop, turn or reverse, and
wait before departing on their return journeys. It's also demand.
• An organized bus terminal should meet the
where passengers board and alight from vehicles. It also
often provides a convenient point where services can be following requirements.
• Accessibility and Comfort and convenience.
controlled from.
• Safety and easy processing.
 SEATING
• Seating in and around the bus terminal Complex shall be
planned to cater to a minimum.
 OPERATING ELEMENTS • 30% of all passengers in the facility Seating is required
so as to avoid obstruction to the flow of passengers.
The Passenger protection from passing traffic. Access • Traffic through the complex it should be designed to
for people with disabilities. All-weather surface to step combine comfort, ease of maintenance and reset to
from/to the bus. Proximity to major trip generators. vandalism .
Street lighting. Pedestrian walking.

 AESTHETIC DESIGN  ABOUT THE LOCATION

• It should form a component in the hierarchy of
 BARRIER ASPECTS Aesthetics and passenger transport systems.
Accessible to by the physically challenged. The internal friendliness in addition to a • The concentration and dispersal costs should be
layout of the shelter should be barrier free to facilitate easy modern appearance together minimum.
circulation. Access via ramps need to be provided for stops formulate the essential • It should be located such that as point of
having high platforms. architectural considerations. The coordination and integration between inter-city
design should symbolize an and intra-city transport.
image representing speed in
hand with modernity § Over use 1) Movement of Products : The fundamental
 PASSENGERS INFORMATION of advertising displays resulting in function of transportation is to move the products
Passenger information should be provided such as a visual clutter needs to be from one place to another.
signage’s, route details and graphics. Bold identification curtailed at bus stops. 2) Storage of Products.
signage, transit route maps, neigh bour hood maps 3) Economic Utility.
placed at prominent. Signage and graphics should 4) Geographic Specialization.
readily distinguish the bus stations from the regular
stops. Digital display could be optionally placed at  LANDSCAPE
station entries  SHELTER • It is important to ensure that landscaping
complements the spatial design and enhances the
• They are to extend along the full length of the platform serving as a weather
visual appeal of the terminal.
 REQUIREMENTS protection to the passengers. • Outdoor and indoor passenger areas should be
• Should be of high quality, prefabricated and modular.
Ticketing and queuing​Passenger waiting areas​ smoothly landscaped, to facilitate easy connection
• The Shelter roofs should be such that rain water is directed away for the
Passenger amenities (drinking water facilities and toilets )​ between site’s periphery and the terminal.
vehicle side. • And paving’s surface initial should ensure
Boarding /Departing areas​
​Facility entry​ durability as well as resistance against wear,
Tourist information​ walking comfort and usability by wheelchairs,
Security, including CCTV cameras​  LIGHTING prams and baggage trolleys.
​Retail, concessions and lease space​
Dormitories, clock room • Lighting should be designed to
Control room Public lockers meet minimum illumination levels  VENTILATION
Public toilets and quality standards for both
Parking indoor and outdoor application. • Bus waiting areas will be allocated to the mid-level, with semi-enclosed staircases
Rental shops • Natural lighting elements such as leading doors of the stopped buses downstairs on the ground level.
Security counter sky lights shall be used to enhance • The bus waiting areas will be provided with natural ventilation using wind catchers,
Booking counter lighting level without increasing which will pressurize the staircases of pollutants migrated from the covered bus
Waiting area the energy load of the terminal lanes.
Clock rooms facility. SUBMITED BY
• Lighting fixtures should be energy
efficient, require low
maintenance, and minimize light K BADAL KUMAR
pollution and glare.
21181AA-006
TOPIC 6th SEM-JNIAS
BUS TERMINAL
LITERATURE STUDY
SHEET- 001
LITERATURE
 STANDARDS OF TOILETS
STUDY
 PARKING STANDARDS
• Design with minimum Bus and pedestrian
Right Angle Loading
• Out swinging bus doors which forms a barrier around which
conflicts. passengers must pass.
• Keep circulation of passengers clear from • Bus movement difficult.
Bus Area and Vehicular parking to
provide safe Transition for passengers
and visitors.
• Avoid bus ingress and egress points at Straight Sawtooth Loading
junctions. • Efficient employed where lots is comparatively narrow
• They should be at a minimum of 35m and deep.
away. • Passengers has direct approach to loading door.

.
• Perpendicular parking is preferred for idle
parking in all cases and Saw-too this •
Baggage truck over between buses for side loading
preferred.
• 17" to 19" from floor to top of toilet seat for ambulatory and wheelchair
accessible.
 BUS TURNING
• Toilet flush controls must be on the opposite side of the closest side wall. STANDARDS
• 59" minimum clear space from back wall to partition for wheelchair accessible
stalls

 GENERAL BUS
• In general the width of the STANDARDS
bus lies between 8.5'–9’.
• The clearance width varies
• Perpendicular parking is preferred for idle parking in all cases and Saw-too this preferred from0.4'–0.5’.
for passengers. • The width of bay lies
• Contextual analysis should include cultural and social sensitivity for the design project. between 9'–10’.
• Enhance Non Motorized Transport or NMT as Feeder service. • The intermediate distance
between departure bays
and waiting bays is called
passage width of
platforms.

 STANDARDS OF A BAGGAGE ROOM

• Baggage room requirements vary significantly with terminal type and operation.
In Indian scenario till date the baggage is usually hand carried directly onto the
bus or to the baggage room, and from there it is placed on the bus.
• The baggage room should have an area equal to about 10% of total building or
contain about 4.5 sq mt for each loading bay, whichever is higher.
• The baggage room should also be equipped with standard metal racks about four
or five tiers high for baggage storage.  OFFICE SPACE
• A portion of the baggage room may be used for a package express service, which
 PARKING DIMENSIONS should function without interfering with concourse traffic. All terminals regardless of type require a certain amount of office space. The specific
• Parking Space Req. by a bus : 12M X 3.5M • The length of the counter depends on the scope of the operation, which varies area to be provided depends on the terminal size and type. Although usually offices
• Parking Space Req. by small bus : 8M X 3M each location. for the terminal manager, passenger agents, and switch board are sufficient, in large
• Parking Space Req. by a car : 5M X 2.5M terminals more elaborate facilities are required.
• Parking Space Req. by a Motorbike : 1M – 3.2 M
 PLATFORM TYPES  RENTAL SPACE
 PLATFORM DIMENSIONS Parallel Loading: The amount of rental space to be provided for stores, shops, concession, etc.,
The Length of the platform depends upon the length of the vehicle and the number of bays • Requires Excessive depends primarily on the earning potential involved and the amount of space
required which is in turn dependent upon design bus volumes and service time. Width of the Amount of space available location.
platform varies from 4M to 5 M. The Platforms could be provided either at a low height or at a • Buses must usually
higher level. Access to the high platforms from the pedestrian path needs to be provided through wait until first bus SUBMITED BY
ramps. exits.
• Large terminal requires
pedestrian K BADAL KUMAR
under/overpass to
protect passengers
21181AA-006
TOPIC while crossing. 6th SEM-JNIAS
BUS TERMINAL
LITERATURE STUDY
SHEET- 002
DESKTOP STUDY-
MAHATMA GANDHI BUS STATION (MGBS), HYDERABAD, TELANGANA, INDIA
1
INTRODUCTION  MAINTENANCE  RETAIL STORES
• Mahatma Gandhi bus station is one of the All the day-to-day maintenance works are entrusted to reputed contractors on • There are totally 28 shops in the bus fingers inside MGBS selling general items and
largest bus station in Asian continent. It has got open tender basis and supervised by Minimum Department officials round the eatables to cater to the need of the passengers.
connectivity of buses from one state to other clock all through the year. By this arrangement excellent quality of work is achieved • Besides this, there are 14 shops of Government Departments inside the main hall for
across Indian. with minimum staff commitment from the department side. the service to the passengers.
• The passengers traveling from this particular bus • SBIATM Counter, Telephone booths, Department's information counter, Women self
stop are in lakhs There are thousands of buses in help group outlets, Police and Transport Department's Help line counters are
this bus stop. functioning in the Terminus.
• It is well maintained and is feasible to all the • Further in the first floor of the main hall nearly 23000sqft space is develop for
people traveling from city also known as the general usage such as office, super markets.
Imlibun Bus Station.

 LOCATION  SERVICES
• MGBS primarily serves Telangana and Andhra SITEPLAN OF MGBS TO GUIDE THE PASSENGERS
Pradesh, and has daily service to
Charderghat,
Hyderabad,
Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Odisha, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu
 FACILITIES AND ARRANGEMENTS
Telangana • The Bus fingers are provided with seating
State arrangements for public .
• Television and public announcing system , digital
 HISTORY display boards and purified drinking water Adequate

• The bus station was built during the Nizam era, and was owned by the Nizam's Guaranteed
space is provided for parking of two wheelers and
cars of the general Public.
 ELECTRICAL SUBSTATION
State Railway and known as the Central Bus Station. • Besides the separate space is provide for inmates • An exclusive Electrical sub station of 800 KVA 19 is functioning at Door frame
• It was built in the shape of a dome and was named Imlibun. and staff parking fuel filling station, maintenance metal detector Control room for CCTV Surveillance with system to an Hand held
• It was a the converted aircraft hangar, built during the 1930s by Butler and Company of the US shed ,crew rest rooms with toilets , time and offices. with metal CMBT with a standby 480 KVA Diesel Generator as back up, to provide
to accommodate the Nizam’s fleet of public single and double decker buses. and uninterrupted power supply to the essential .
• When the bus station was later expanded, the Musi River bed was partially filled for the new
facility.
 SITE PLAN  WATER SYSTEM
 PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE An under ground sump of three lakh capacity for drinking water through Metro
water supply is provided. In addition to this as an add on facility, a Reverse Osmosis
• MGBS covers 20 acres and (81,000 m2) of a 8-hectare
plant of lakh liters capacity has been provided in MGBS through which purified
(80,000 m2) complex, and was completed at a cost of ₹13
drinking water is supplied through out the terminus.
crore.
• There are 150 platforms, a 7,380square meter waiting
room a 3,455 square meter shopping complex and a SITEPLAN  ENGINEERING DETAILS
5,000 square meter parking area. OF MGBS

 LAND USE
• The land basically was a sewage farm taken over from GHMC.  RCC ROOF  FLOORING
• Before taking up construction the entire area was dewatered, • Polished granite flooring
• Shell roof size
were Removed allowed to dry and rolled.
• Good quality gravel an average Depth of two meters was filled up  FLOOR PLAN • Shell roof height • Kotta stone flooring
• Chisel dressed flooring
• Waiting hall roof height
with the level of entire terminus.
• Bus finger roof height

 EMERGENCY SERVICES
• An Free Emergency 24 hours Clinic with Ambulance facility
run by MS Apollo hospital 1s functioning in an area of 150 sq FLOOR
m. PLAN OF
• In side the terminus, where First and Emergency Medical MGBS
SUBMITED BY
treatment are provided to the public and transport crews.
K BADAL KUMAR
21181AA-006
TOPIC 6th SEM-JNIAS
BUS TERMINAL
DESKTOP STUDY
SHEET- 003
DESKTOP STUDY-
MAHATMA GANDHI BUS STATION (MGBS), HYDERABAD, TELANGANA, INDIA
1  ROADS CONNECTIVITY
 TYPES OF BUSSES IN MGBS  VENTILATION INSIDE THE TERMINUS
• RAJADHANI (TSRTC) length-14.7m
• GARYDA VOLVO (TSRTC) length-13.7-14.5m • The building is ventilated throughout with the help of
• SUPER LUXARY (APSRTC) length-13.6m the large openings such as main entrance , waiting area ,
• AIRAVAT (KSRTC) length-14.6m bus bays these openings are effective for cross
• AMBAARI (KSRTC) length-17.1m ventilation.
• KADAMBA (KTCL,GOA) length-13.5m • Administrative department was placed on the first floor
• AMARAVATHI (APSRTC) length-15.1m so there was no proper natural ventilation.
CONNECTIVITY
• NON AC SLEEPER (KSRTC) length-13.5m OF ROADS IN
• VENNELA AC (APSRTC) length-11.5m
• INDRA(APSRTC) length 13.5m
THE MG BUS  CIRCULATION
STAND
• ELECTRIC BUS (TSRTC) length-12m

 MAJOR MODES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT IN THE CITY

1.Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC).
2. Hyderabad Metro Rail Limited (HMRL). • The planning and design were totally done in accordance with the site and its
3. Multi-Modal Transport System (MMTS). accessible movement
• Location the planning had all requirements but does not have a easily for the
pedestrians
BUS • Island is utilized maximum which also included place for yadgars and temples
• Intra city. intercity/regional and interstate bus service
• The main entry leads to double height entrance foyer which leads to the counter
network operated by TSRTC Types of Buses • The left wing of the entrance foyer leads to the departure platforms.
• 1. Metro Luxury (airconditioned)
• 2. City Sheetal (airconditioned) State Government of
Telangana sanctioned minibuses as a self-
employment generation scheme which plies between  HYDERABAD POPULATION DETAILS
different parts of the city.

 SWOT ANALYSIS
TAXIS
• Metered Auto Rickshaw usually referred to as an STRENGTH
"auto", Tata magic, Ola ,Uber, Office Cabs is another • Proper human circulation
widely available taxi in Hyderabad. • Segregation of bus & pedestrian
• Shared 'auto' taxis are also a commonplace in • Provision of washrooms and drinking water are given at restaurants interval.
Hyderabad. • Located in city center.
• Has more stalls
• Separate block for cargo services.
• Metro connectivity
METRO • Cleaning machines.
• Hyderabad Metro Rail, the Elevated Mass Rapid Transit LINE CHART SHOWING THE INCREASE IN OPPORTUNITY
System of Hyderabad, started operations in 2017. POPULATION OF HYD FROM 1950- 2035 • Metro connectivity
• The initial phase of operation was 30 km long, over two • Large cargo service
corridors.
• To further connectivity, HMRL tied up with Uber, to set up
 STRUCTURE DETAILS WEAKNESS
• Less provided seating
booking kiosks across stations. • Foundation: as the type of soil available at the site is black cotton soil, pile • Occupancy of stall center
• Further, bicycle facility was launched on a limited scale • Not universally designed
foundation of 15 m deep is laid.
• No fuel station
• Columns: box columns of 50cm size at 7m spacing are used. The space in • Less no of car parking
between the columns is properly utilized as the fixed public seating with the side • Signage at entry
MMTS THREAT
• Connects various suburbs of Hyderabad. table for luggage .The connecting wall between the columns have a inverted “v”
shaped arch which blends with the elevation. • No proper road Maintenance.
• However, MMTS Services, have been criticized
for lack of adequate frequency and inordinate
delays. • Slab: the architect used two way cantilever slab in this structure. The total height
of the slab above platform is 7-8m. SUBMITED BY
• Elevation: the rhombus shaped voids and inverted v arches in the elevation act as
main source of ventilation. Rhombus shaped shading devices are used to blend K BADAL KUMAR
with the elevation. 21181AA-006
TOPIC 6th SEM-JNIAS
BUS TERMINAL
DESKTOP STUDY
SHEET- 004