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F3 Science Chapter 4 Reactivity of Metal

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31 views45 pages

F3 Science Chapter 4 Reactivity of Metal

Uploaded by

WONG AI WAN Moe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 4

The Reactivity of
Metals
4.1 Variety of Minerals
Various Minerals in The Earth’s Crust

1. Minerals are solid elements or compounds


that are naturally found in the Earth’s crust.
2. Minerals in the form of elements like gold
and silver exist freely in the Earth’s crust.
3. Minerals in the form of compounds, like
bauxite and galena, consists of combinations
of a few types of different elements.
Examples of
Elements
Gold
Diamond
Silver
Examples of
Compounds
CASSITERITE

BAUXITE
HEMATITE

MAGNETITE
MALACHITE

IRON PYRITE
CHALCOCITE

GALENA
MARBLE

LIMESTONE
MICA

CLAY
Natural Mineral Chemical Name Elements
Compound

Bauxite Aluminium oxide Aluminium, and


oxygen
Oxide Hematite Iron oxide Iron and oxygen

Magnetite Magnesium Magnesium and


oxide oxygen
Cassiterite Tin oxide Tin and oxygen
Natural Mineral Chemical Name Elements
Compound
Galena Lead sulphide Lead and sulphur

Sulphide Iron pyrite Iron sulphide Iron and sulphur


Chalcocite Copper sulphide Copper and sulphur
Blend Zinc sulphide Zinc and sulphur
Natural Mineral Chemical Elements
Compound Name
Calcite Calcium Calcium, carbon and
Carbonate carbonate oxygen
Magnesite Magnesium Magnesium, carbon and
carbonate oxygen
Clay Aluminium Aluminium , silicon, and
Silicate silicate oxygen
Potassium Calcium Calcium, silicon and
silicate silicate oxygen
Activity 4.1
Aim: To show that a natural compound is a combination
of several elements
Colourless and
transparent Cloudy

Colourless and Cloudy


transparent

Questions
1. Name the gas that is tested using limewater. Carbon dioxide
2. How is the test for the gas carried out? Explain.
Passing carbon dioxide gas into limewater which cause
limewater to turn cloudy.
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide + Water + Calcium chloride

Carbon dioxide + Calcium oxide

Calcium, carbon and oxygen


Properties and Uses of Natural Minerals
Natural Physical Chemical Uses in daily life
Mineral propreties properties
Calcium Does not Reacts with acid to Uses as an antacid
carbonate dissolve in release carbon medicine to treat
(Calcite, water dioxide gastric
Limestone
Iron (III) Oxide - Carbon reduces Extraction of iron
(Hematite) iron (III) oxide to from iron ore
iron
Aluminum - Aluminum oxide Used in the
oxide breaks down into production of car and
(Bauxite) oxygen and motorcycle parts
aluminum through
electrolysis
4.2 Reactivity Series of Metals

1. Different metals have different reactivity to oxygen.


The more reactive metals react more vigorously
with oxygen.
2. In vigorous reaction, more reactive metals such as
potassium react with oxygen, a bright flame is
observed.
3. In a less vigorous reaction, less reactive metals
such as iron react with oxygen, only embers or slow
colour changes can be observed.
4. A reactivity series of metals is formed based on the
reactivity of metals with oxygen.
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, (Carbon),
zinc, (Hydrogen), Iron, Tin, Lead, Copper, Mercury, Silver, Gold
Decreasing reactivity
5. In the reactivity series of metals, carbon is located between
aluminium and zinc while hydrogen is located between
zinc and iron.
6. Although carbon is a non-metallic element, it is able to
remove a less reactive metal, such as zinc from zinc oxide.
Zinc oxide + Carbon Zinc + Carbon dioxide
Application of the Reactivity Series of Metals
1) Metals that are more reactive than carbon or are located
higher than carbon in the reactivity series of metals
(potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and aluminium)
are extracted by electrolysis.
2) These metals are extracted by passing an electric current
through the molten ores.

3) Aluminium oxide Electric current aluminium + oxygen


4. Metals which are less reactive than carbon, i.e. which
are positioned lower than carbon in the reactivity
series of metals (zinc, iron, tin and lead) are
extracted by heating the ores with carbon (coke).

5. Tin oxide + Carbon Tin + carbon dioxide

[ Tin ore ]
Magnesium burn in oxygen
Iron expose to oxygen
Constructing Reactivity Series of Metals
Exp 4.4: Discussion
1. Different metals have different reactivity to oxygen.
The more reactive metals react more vigorously
with oxygen.
Determining the position of carbon
in the reactivity series of metals

Heating a mixture of carbon and metal oxide


Determine Position of Hydrogen
in the Reactivity Series of Metals
Extraction of Metals from their Ores

Extraction of metals is the process to obtain


metals from their ores.
Process of Iron Extraction

The extraction of iron


from its ore is carried
out in a blast furnace

Iron oxide
( Hematite)

Tin (iv) Oxide


(Cassiterite)
Homework:
1⃣ Activity 4.3 :
Aim
Draw Figure 4.4

2⃣ Module SPS (Pg 96)

3⃣ formative Practice 4.3 (Text book


Pg 141)
Air pollution Usage of
due to large amount
burning of of electrical
fuels energy
Air pollution
Water by gases
pollution released
due to Mining issues from blast
cleaning of in Malaysia furnaces
ore

Destruction
Soil erosion Sound of habitat
due to pollution due to
mining of from mining construction
ore machinery of mines
(a)Soil erosion. Problem of soil erosion can be
solved by replanting trees.
(b)Air pollution. Air pollution can be avoided by
filtering the gases produced before releasing
them to the atmosphere.
1) The reactivity series of metals is
an arrangement of metals according
to their reactivity towards oxygen.

(a)Yes. Metal X is reactive towards oxygen


because metal X burns with a bright flame.
(b) Metal Y is less reactive than metal X.

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