Seminar

On
Robotics

By: Matric No:

Adebayo Suleiman Oladimeji CSC/2017/0056
 Introduction
• The field of robotics is a very interesting and
useful. The term “Robot” is derived from the
Czech word “Robota” which means menial
laborer.

• There are different kinds of robot: manual

handling device, fixed sequence robot,
variable sequence robot, playback robot,
numerical control robot, and intelligent robot.
 ROBOTICS DEFINITION
• A robot is a reprogrammable multifunctional
manipulator designed to move material, Parts,
tools or specialized devices through variable
programmed motions for the Performance of
a variety of tasks
• Robotics is that branch which involves with
the study and applications of Robots. The goal
of Robotics is to mimic natural world as closely
as possible.
 History
• The term ‘robot’ got prominence way back in
the 1950s when Karl Capek in his play
Rossum’s Universal Robots denoted the birth
of a superior race that had intelligence similar
to that of humans.
• Later on Issac Asimov introduced his laws of
robots and finally Eric Elenberger, who is
considered as the father of robotics, introduced
real time robots to the world.
 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this research is to provide basic and
background information on robotics.

The objectives are:

• to describe the types of Robot
• to describe the structure and component of
Robot
 Statement of Problem
• The use of robots in performing various jobs will
lead in the reduction of jobs of the human being
so the initiation should be done systematically.
The developments of robots will lessen many
high end precision jobs and will help in various
sectors like agriculture, military, health and so
on. This will lead to robots as a helper in the
workplace with some degree of balance between
the actual requirement and the greed.
Scope and Limitation of the Study
• This research covered only the basic
knowledge of robotics technology which
includes the types, component, and structure
of robots.

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

• No design or implementation was carried
out on this research
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• During the last 45 years, robotics
research has been aimed at finding
solutions to the technical
necessities of applied robotics. The
evolution of application fields and
their sophistication have
influenced research topics in the
robotics community. This evolution
has been dominated by human
necessities. In the early 1960s, the
industrial revolution put industrial
robots in the factory to release the
human operator from risky and
harmful tasks. Lei et al (2004).
 RELATED WORKS
 Anup Sharma and Mrunali Parab (2005): Applications of AI in Robotics
and its opportunities in India. Is to provide basic, background
information on two emerging technologies: Artificial Intelligence and
Robotics and their scope in India. A research, no implementation was
made.

 Sherif Kamel Hussein and Mashael Amer Al-Mutairi (2019): A Novel

Prototyping Model For Swarm Mobile Robot Navigation Based Fuzzy
Logic Controller. Propose an efficient technique for obstacle avoidance
through navigation of swarm mobile robot in an unstructured
environment. The Authors used MATLAB® and V-REP® (Virtual Robot
Experimentation Platform).

 Nikhil Sawake (2013): Project Report on Intelligent Robotic Arm. To

design a very simple arm which is able to catch the ball which is
thrown in a specified 2-dimensional region in a horizontal plane. Image
processing method, MATLAB and Program is written in C language.
 RELATED WORKS (CONTD)
 Anup Sharma and Mrunali Parab (2005): Applications of AI in Robotics
and its opportunities in India. Is to provide basic, background
information on two emerging technologies: Artificial Intelligence and
Robotics and their scope in India. A research, no implementation was
made.

 Sherif Kamel Hussein and Mashael Amer Al-Mutairi (2019): A Novel

Prototyping Model For Swarm Mobile Robot Navigation Based Fuzzy
Logic Controller. Propose an efficient technique for obstacle avoidance
through navigation of swarm mobile robot in an unstructured
environment. The Authors used MATLAB® and V-REP® (Virtual Robot
Experimentation Platform).

 Nikhil Sawake (2013): Project Report on Intelligent Robotic Arm. To

design a very simple arm which is able to catch the ball which is
thrown in a specified 2-dimensional region in a horizontal plane. Image
processing method, MATLAB and Program is written in C language.
 The Three Laws Of Robotics
• A robot may not injure a human being or,
through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.
• A robot must obey the orders given it by
human beings except where such orders
would conflict with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long
as such protection does not conflict with the
First or Second Laws. Asimov (1950)
 Types of Robots
This research based on three different areas
 Robot Manipulators
• Industrial Robots
• Medical Robots
• Rehabilitation Robots
 Mobile Robots
• Aerial mobile robots
• Aquatic mobile robots
• Terrestrial mobile robots
 Biological Inspired Robots
• Walking Robots
• Humanoid Robots
 Industrial Robots
• It was around 1960 when industrial robots were
first introduced in the production process, and
until the 1990s industrial robots dominated
robotics research.

Industrial robots use in a

Car Manufacturing
Company
 Medical Robots
• a wide variety of medical applications have emerged: laboratory
robots, telesurgery, surgical training, remote surgery, telemedicine
and teleconsultation, rehabilitation, help for the deaf and the
blind, and hospital robots.
• Medical robots assist in operations on heart-attack victims and
make possible the millimeter-fine adjustment of prostheses.

Typical Example of
Medical Robot used in
surgery operations
 Rehabilitation Robots
• the concept of “rehabilitation robot” may include a wide array of
mechatronic devices ranging from artificial limbs to robots for
supporting rehabilitation therapy or for providing personal
assistance in hospital and residential sites.
• Examples include robots for neuro-rehabilitation, power-
augmentation orthosis, rehabilitative orthosis, etc.

Typical Example of
Rehabilitation Robot
used for fitnesss and
therapy
 Mobile Robots

• Mobile robots are able to move, usually they

perform task such as search areas. A prime
example is the Mars Explorer, specifically
designed to roam the mars surface.
Walking Robots

• Robots on legs are usually

brought in when the terrain is
rocky and difficult to enter
with wheels. Robots have a
hard time shifting balance and
keep them from tumbling.
• Even when they lift one or
more legs they still keep their
balance.
• Development of legged robots
is often modeled after insects
or crawfish..
 Stationary Robots

• Robots are not only used to explore

areas or imitate a human being. Most
robots perform repeating tasks without
ever moving an inch.
• Most robots are ‘working’ in industry
settings. Especially dull and repeating
tasks are suitable for robots.
• A robot never grows tired, it will
perform its duty day and night without
ever complaining.
• In case the tasks at hand are done, the
robots will be reprogrammed to perform
other tasks..
 Humanoid Robots
• When talking about dynamically stable walking
robots, humanoid robots come to mind.
 Components of ROBOTS

• Structure
• Power source
• Actuation
• Sensing
• Manipulation
• Locomotion
 Structure
• The structure of a robot is usually mostly
mechanical and can be called a kinematic
chain.
• The chain is formed of links (its bones),
actuators (its muscles), and joints which can
allow one or more degrees of freedom.
 Power source
• Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and
associated circuitry
• Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC
• 220V AC supply must be modified to suit the needs of
our machine
• Batteries can also be used to run robots
• Robots are driven by different motors :-
o DC Motors
o Stepper Motors
o Servo Motors
 Actuation

• Actuators are the "muscles" of a robot, the

parts which convert stored energy into
movement.

• The most popular actuators are electric

motors.
 Manipulation
• Robots which must work in the real world require
some way to manipulate objects; pick up, modify,
destroy, or otherwise have an effect.
• Thus the 'hands' of a robot are often referred to as end
effectors, while the arm is referred to as a
manipulator.
• Some manipulators are:
o Mechanical Grippers
o Vacuum Grippers
o General purpose effectors
 Locomotion
• It is concerned with the motion of the robot.
• Robot contains different types of drives:-
o Differential drive
o Car type
o Skid steer drive
o Synchronous drive
o Pivot drive
o Articulated drive
o Pivot drive
SYSTEM DESIGN

• Sequence Diagram
 CONCLUSION
Since the introduction of industrial robots in the automotive industry,
robotics research has evolved over time towards the development of
robotic systems to help the human in dangerous, risky or unpleasant
tasks.
As the complexity of tasks has increased, flexibility has been demanded in
industrial robots, and robotics research has veered towards adaptive and
intelligent systems. Since 1995, robotics research has entered the field-
and service-robotics world, where we can find manipulators, mobile
robots and animal-like robots with great perspectives of development
and increasing research interest. Surgical robots have been the first
successes, and recently different areas in medical and rehabilitation-
robotics applications have arisen. Other examples can be found in the
fields of home cleaning, refueling and museum exhibitions, to name just a
few areas.
 RECOMMENDATION
The use of robots in performing various jobs will lead in the
reduction of jobs of the human being. This will lead to robots as
a helper in the workplace with some degree of balance between
the actual requirement and the greed. The society should
support and care for the developments in the robotics
technology as this will be beneficial for the people and the
various sectors of an economy. Many tasks which are beyond the
human ability can be performed with the help of robotics and
robotics in the war will be very helpful in its operation.
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Allen, C., Wallach, W., Smit, I. (2006). Why Machine Ethics? IEEE Intelligent Systems 21(4): 12–17.

Arkin, R. (1998). Behavior-Based Robotics. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Arkin, R. (2009). Governing Lethal Behavior in Autonomous systems. Boca Raton, FL.: CRC Press.
Asimov, Isaac (1950). I, Robot.

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Bekey, G.A. (2012). Current Trends in Robotics: Technology and Ethics. In (eds.)
Thanks You
Queries?