Acrylamide Presentation
Uploaded by
Ghina GhiehAcrylamide Presentation
Uploaded by
Ghina GhiehPresented by Israa Khodor, Ghina Ghieh
Dr.Moemen Baroudi , “Food Toxicology”
What is
Acrylamide ? • Acrylamide is a chemical produced naturally as
result of cooking starch-rich food at high
temperature, such as when baking, frying,
grilling and roasting.
• Named thermal process contaminants.
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Utilization • AA was known as an industrial chemical compound used
primarily as a building block in many industrial processes,
such as in the production of plastics, glues, paper,
component of cigarette smoke, and in the treatment of
drinking water and waste water, including sewage.
• Acrylamide was also found in consumer products, such as
food packaging, and some adhesives.
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Physio-
• Polar Molecule chemical
• Hydrophilic with very high water solubility properties
• It not very volatile in solution diluted in water
• Low molecular weight
• Organic
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• Acrylamide's high water solubility enables quick
absorption following ingestion and quick blood circulation
throughout the body.
• AA delivered with food (oral root) is metabolized in the
liver.
Metabolism • By the synthesis of metabolites (mercapturic acids),
and acrylamide is eliminated through the urine.
Elimination • NB: 40–60% of the ingested acrylamide is excreted in 24
hours.
• The half-life of AA in human organism is 2-7 h.
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Where it is found ?
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How It is • Formation of AA in foods is mainly linked to Maillard
formed ? reaction.
• Any food that contains reduced sugars and free amine
functions is susceptible to the Maillard reaction, whether
it is being processed or stored.
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Toxicity • In April 2002 when the Swedish National Food
Administration (SNFA) announced that prolonged heat
treatments of some foods could create significant amounts
of AA.
• Acrylamide have significant influence on physiological
functions including signal propagation in peripheral
nerves, enzymatic and hormonal regulation, functions of
muscles, reproduction, genotoxic and cancerogenic
properties.
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• Neurotoxicit
y: • Acrylamide is considered to be a cumulative neurotoxicant
in rodents as well as in humans.
• General symptoms of neurotoxicity in humans are
characterise :
• Ataxia: lose muscle control in arms and legs. This may lead
to a lack of balance, coordination, and trouble walking.
• Skeletal muscle weakness.
• Weight loss.
• Distal swelling.
• Degeneration of axons in the central and peripheral nervous
systems.
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Some others • Hepatotoxicity: AA is metabolized in the liver.
ype of toxicity: • Immunotoxicity: causing pathological changes in lymph
glands, thymus, and spleen.
• Reproductive toxicity: fertility, affected sperm count and
sperm motility.
• Prenatal toxicity:
• Acrylamide passes through the placenta in animals and
human organism.
• It was also found in breast milk of women. Thus it may
have the influence on the normal prenatal and early
postnatal development of infants.
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toxicity:
• Cytotoxicity: Free radicals may cause damage to
mitochondria and other cell.
• Genotoxicity: oxidation of DNA bases, leading to
fragmentation of the double strand. All of these may cause
cell death.
• Carcinogen: bind covalently with DNA's nitrogenous bases,
which results in chromosomal abnormalities during cell
division.
• NB: In 1994, International Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC) classified acrylamide as a potentially carcinogenic
substance to Human-Cancer as a 2A.
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• In a study done in Lebanon, the daily consumption of AA
from potato and corn chips was found to be 7 to 40 fold
higher than the risk intake set by WHO( between 1 and 4
µg/kg body weight per day) but was below the neurotoxic
risk threshold. The cancer risk for the Lebanese population
from AA exposure estimations appears to be significant.
case study
• Another Lebanese study on the amount of AA in caffeinated
beverages showed that caffeinated beverages contributed an
average of 29,176 μg/kg of AA, which was higher than the
risk intake for carcinogenicity and neurotoxicity set by the
WHO.
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• https://www.fda.gov/media/87150/download
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/
pii/S146685640300033X
• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/
RadoslavOmelka/publication/
References 311704720_Acrylamide_a_Common_Food_Toxin_R
elated_to_Physiological_Functions_and_Health/
links/5973550aa6fdcc8348829fe3/Acrylamide-a-
Common-Food-Toxin-Related-to-Physiological-
Functions-and-Health.pdf
• https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/
10.1177/1091581820902405
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