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Chapter 7 - Arrays

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20 views25 pages

Chapter 7 - Arrays

Uploaded by

koukifou4
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arrays in C

Mhammed Chraibi
outline
• What are arrays?
• Why we need arrays?
• How useful are arrays?
• Implementing arrays
• Multi-dimensional arrays
• Review and applications
Introduction
• Arrays are a composite data structure
(composed of many items of same data-type)

• The purpose of arrays is to group data items


together in main memory

• If a program uses the grades of many students


in a class it is easier to have them together in
memory
to
visualize
Declaring and referencing arrays
• An array is a collection of two or more
adjacent memory cells
• Those memory cells are called Array elements
• They are all associated with a particular
symbolic name

• Declaration: double arr[8];


Declaring and referencing arrays
• The previous declaration creates 8 memory
spaces with the same name.

• Reference to each one is done using a sub


script

• Array subscripts ALWAYS start from 0 up to


size of array-1!!!
Example
2 ways to initialize arrays
• int stud_id[] = {1234, 4321, 6789};
Or
• int stud_id[3];
• stud_id[0] =1234 ;
• stud_id[1] = 4321;
• stud_id[2] = 6789;
Advantages of Arrays:
• the use of loops for sequential access to the
different elements!
Practice
• Write a program that asks the user to enter
the grades of 5 students and stores them in an
array
• then your program traverses the array and:
– gives the average of the grades
– the minimum grade
– the maximum grade
Parallel arrays
• Int stud_id[15];
• Double stud_grade[15];

• If I want to have access to a students Id and


his/her grade, I can use the same subscript!!!

• Stud_id[7] and stud_grade[7]


Sorting arrays
• Bubble Sort

• Selection Sort

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6nDMgr0-Yy
o
using array elements as function args
• scanf(“%lf” , &double_arr[2]);

• swap (&x[2], &x[3]);

• multiply (x[5] , x[9]);

What does the function header look like ?


can we pass a whole array as a parameter?

• Be careful !!! the way arrays are implemented


• The array is in fact a pointer to the first
element
• in the main:
int arr[10];
function (arr);
• Function def:
function (int x[])
• Anything missing?
Pointer?
• If we pass by reference, we are using
pointers !!!

• can we use the * ?


Question
• Can a function return an array output
parameter?

• The calling function must provide with the


space where the output array is to be stored.
Practice
• Write a program in C that asks the user to fill
in an array of 1000 integers. Your program
must output the number that has the highest
occurrence. Your program must use a function
occurrence that takes a number and the array
and returns the number of times the number
is in the array.
Stack Vs Queue

• Stack of Plates

• Queue of people
Multi-dimensional array
• Those are arrays with 2 or more dimensions
• 2-dimentional arrays are used to represent
tables of data, matrices, etc…
• The way we allocate memory for a two-
dimensional array is the following:
• int arr[6][3];

• How many elements can be contained in the


array?
Array traversal
Multi-dimensional array initialization

• Int arr[3][3] = { {2,4,6} , {3,5,7} , {1,4,8} }


 Initialization is done by row !
Imaging a three-dimensional array
Practice
• Write a program that performs 3x3 matrix
multiplication.

• Think about an example where the use of


three-dimensional array is necessary.
The const qualifier
• As we only pass arrays by reference, we need
a way to make sure the original one remains
unmodified

function (const int array[]){


….
}
HOMEWORK
• Write a program where an array of 12 integers
is created, the main function will call the
following functions: fill array, sort array, print
array. the function sort array will call a
function swap.

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