The if/else statement

conditions

This is an important lesson

Programs that have conditions
Allow for differing paths as they
offer choices. Think about games
and how one choice in a game
leads to a differing path for the
game/program
The if statement
Executes a block of statements only if a test is true

if (test) {
statement;
...
statement;
}

• Example:
double gpa = console.nextDouble();
if (gpa >= 2.0) { This is how the if condition looks
System.out.println("Application accepted."); in a flowchart, notice how it skips
} yes statement if it’s not true, and
continues on with the program
The if/else statement
Executes one block if a test is true, another if false

if (test) {
statement(s);
} else {
statement(s);
}

• Example:
double gpa = console.nextDouble();
if (gpa >= 2.0) {
System.out.println("Welcome to Mars University!");
} else { The else allows a second
System.out.println("Application denied."); statement to be execute if
} the Yes is not True, this is
where we see choice (this
or that)
Relational expressions
• if statements use logical tests.

if (i <= 10) { ...

• Tests use relational operators:
Operator Meaning Example Value
== equals 1 + 1 == true
2
These are the different
!= does not equal 3.2 != true operators you can use in
2.5 the test
< less than 10 < 5 false
> greater than 10 > 5 true
<= less than or equal to 126 <= false
100
>= greater than or equal to 5.0 >= true
 Can you find the Bug in

Misuse of if the code here?

• What's wrong with the following code?

Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("What percentage did you earn? ");
int percent = console.nextInt();
if (percent >= 80) {
System.out.println("You got an A!");
}
if (percent >= 70) {
System.out.println("You got a B!");
}
if (percent >= 60) {
System.out.println("You got a C!");
}
if (percent >= 50) {
System.out.println("You got a D!");
}
if (percent < 50) {
System.out.println("You got an F!");
}
...
What would it output if
you typed 82 for your
mark?
 What if you want to check
Nested if/else multiple conditions until
one of them is true?

Chooses between outcomes using many tests

if (test) {
statement(s);
} else if (test) {
statement(s);
} else { Else is the default case, if
statement(s); all are false(ifs/else ifs) ,
} else becomes true

• Example:
if (x > 0) {
System.out.println("Positive");
} else if (x < 0) {
System.out.println("Negative");
} else {
System.out.println("Zero");
} Ifs with else ifs allows you
to check many tests. If
one is true it exits the if
Nested if/else/if Sometimes you want to
check if something is true
and have no default case,
• If it ends with else, exactly one path must be taken. no else needed then
• If it ends with if, the code might not execute any path.

if (test) {
statement(s);
} else if (test) {
statement(s);
} else if (test) {
statement(s);
}

• Example:
if (place == 1) {
System.out.println("Gold medal!");
} else if (place == 2) {
System.out.println("Silver medal!");
} else if (place == 3) {
System.out.println("Bronze medal.");
}
 Path means statements to
Nested if structures be executed

 exactly 1 path (mutually exclusive)  0 or 1 path (mutually exclusive)

if (test) { if (test) {
statement(s); statement(s);
} else if (test) { } else if (test) {
statement(s); statement(s);
} else { } else if (test) {
statement(s); statement(s);
} }

 0, 1, or many paths (independent tests; not exclusive)

if (test) {
statement(s);
}
if (test) {
statement(s);
}
if (test) {
statement(s);
}
Which nested if/else You must decide which
combination of if/else if
and else is best for YOUR
is best? given problem

• (1) if/if/if (2) nested if/else (3) nested if/else/if

• Whether a user is lower, middle, or upper-class based on income.
• (2) nested if / else if / else

• Whether you made the dean's list (GPA ≥ 3.8) or honor roll (3.5-3.8).
• (3) nested if / else if

• Whether a number is divisible by 2, 3, and/or 5.

• (1) sequential if / if / if

• Computing a grade of A, B, C, D, or F based on a percentage.

• (2) nested if / else if / else if / else if / else
Try this example, lets see if you can do this
• Create a program that asks the users their numerical grade in a class
and then prints how they did with a letter (A,B,C,D,F) and maybe a
comment beside it.

• Use if statements accordingly.

Modify the program to use AND and OR
• Use && to represent and i.e if ( a && b) a and b
4+ 95% - 100%

4 87% - 94%

• Use || to represent or if (a || b) a or b 4- 80% - 86%

3+ 77% - 79%

3 73% - 76%

3- 70% - 72%

• Modify your grade assignment for levels.

2+ 67% - 69%

2 63% - 66%

2- 60% - 62%

1+ 57% - 59%

1 53% - 56%

1- 50% - 52%

R 0% - 49%
Example 2
• Write a program that will input 4 marks, calculate their average and
then tell you if you passed the semester or failed.

• *Hint you can use the flowchart/psuedocode you already created for
this from b4 (boom)
Example 3
• Write a program that gets 2 values from the user and then outputs
which is the bigger number of the two.

• *Hint you can use the flowchart/psuedocode you already created for
this from b4
Example 4
• Write a program that gets 3 inputs from the user (int numbers) and
then outputs the largest of the 3 numbers

• *Hint you can use the flowchart/psuedocode you already created for
this from b4
Example 4b
• Write a program that gets 3 inputs from the user (int numbers) and then
outputs the largest of the 3 numbers

• Modify it so that a tie can also happen

• *Hint you can use the flowchart/psuedocode you already created for this
from b4
Without && and ||
Example 5
• Create the program (from your flowchart) to find the sum of first 50 natural numbers.

• Hint -Use your flowchart from before to solve this

• Also, there is no user input.

• Good Luck