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Unit 9 - 828

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15 views

Unit 9 - 828

Uploaded by

Muhammad Boota
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Course Code 828

INNOVATIONS
IN HIGHER
EDUCATION
It is assumed that the study of this unit
would enable you to:
It is hoped that the study of this unit will enable the students
to:
Indicate important trends and innovations in Higher
Education.
Analyze salient innovations of Higher Education in Pakistan..
Justify the crucial role of technology in Higher Education.
Elaborate significant aspects of continuing education.
Identify different styles at the level of Higher Education.
DISTANCE EDUCATION
Distance Education
Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the
education of students who may not always be physically present at
a school. Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence
courses wherein the student corresponded with the school via mail.
Today, it usually involves online education.
The distance education refers to a particular method of teaching, i.e.
correspondence study is self explanatory.
It is fact that system concentrates on teaching the learner at a
distance.

Example
Online Classes
FORMAL EDUCATION
This is also known as formal learning
which usually takes place within the
premises of the school. It refers to the
basic academic knowledge that a child
learns in a formal manner.
This continues from an elementary
school to secondary school and
further on to colleges. Such an
education is provided by specially
qualified teachers who are efficient
enough with the art of instruction.
Conti…
Examples of Formal Education
oLearning in a classroom
oSchool grading/certification, college, and university
degrees
oPlanned education of different subjects having a proper
syllabus acquired by attending the institution.
Conti..
Advantages of Formal Education:
It is organized and scheduled
It happens in a step-by-step systematic manner
It is the most basic knowledge that is to be acquired by
every individual to learn various other things
It is certified and acquired by professionals and teachers
Conti..
Disadvantages of Formal Education:
Sometimes, brilliant students get bored because of the
long tenure of academic sessions.
Exams and grades can sometimes lead to stress and
anxiety.
It is costly and rigid.
An unprofessional and non-standard education system
may also cause wastage of time and money.
NON-FORMAL
EDUCATION
Non-formal education refers to education
that occurs outside the formal school
system.
Non-formal learning includes various
structured learning situations which do not
have curriculum, syllabus accreditation
and certification.
In nonformal education, someone (who is
not in school) can learn literacy, other basic
skills or job skills.
Examples of Non-formal Education
oBoy Scouts, swimming
oFitness programs.
oCommunity-based adult education
Conti..
Advantages of Non-formal Education:
It is an open-ended educational system available both
in the public and private domains.
There is no need to conduct regular examinations.
Diplomas, certificates, and awards are not essential
because it is generally a kind of skill development.
It involves the practical application of the theoretical
knowledge obtained.
Conti..
Disadvantages of Non-formal Education:
If you are learning it just as a hobby, you don't require a
professional or a trained teacher to impart non-formal
education.
No regular examinations are conducted to evaluate the
skill development
High possibility of fake certifications through different
institutions
INFORMAL EDUCATION
Informal education may be a parent
teaching a child how to prepare a meal
or ride a bicycle.
People can also get an informal
education by reading many books from
a library or educational websites.
Informal education is when you are not
studying in a school and do not use any
particular learning method. It may be
learned at some marketplace, hotel or
at home.
Conti..
Advantages of Informal Education:
It is a natural learning process that can come from
anywhere and everywhere.
It requires regular practice and polishing.
It utilizes a variety of techniques and does not have a
specific time span.
There is no need to hire experts or professionals for this
learning.
Conti..
Disadvantages of Informal Education:
There is plenty of misinformation available on various
social media platforms.
It does not follow a proper schedule or a timespan.
There is an absence of discipline and attitude amongst
the learners.
Results are highly unpredictable.
LEARNING STYLES

The learning styles are found within educational theorist Neil


Fleming’s VARK model of Student Learning. VARK is an
acronym that refers to the four types of learning styles:
Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing Preference, and
Kinesthetic. (The VARK model is also referred to as the VAK
model, eliminating Reading/Writing as a category of
preferential learning.) The VARK model acknowledges that
students have different approaches to how they process
information, referred to as “preferred learning modes.”
Components of Learning
Romsden P. (1976), held research at different universities and
identified the components of the learning environment from
the students point of view.
These are given below:

1) Relationship with students closeness of lecturer/ student


relationship, help and understanding shown to students.
2) Commitment to teaching, commitment of staff to
"improving teaching" and to teaching students at a level
appropriate to their correct understanding.
3) Workload pressure placed on students in terms of
demands of syllabus and assessment tasks.
Conti..
4) Formal teaching methods formality or informality of
teaching and learning e.g. lectures versus individual study.
5) Vocational relevance - student careers. perceived relevance
of course to students careers
6) Social climate frequency and quality of academic and social
relationship between students.
7) Freedom in learning - amount of discretion possessed by
student in choosing and organizing academic work.
TEHNOCOGY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Educational systems all over the world have witnessed significant


changes in the complexion of devices for education with the
introduction of educational television and computers in fifties, devices
and very new gadget available in the market
The trend is now shifting and stresses re-examination of our earlier
attitudes and adoption of technologies which are appropriate to the
existing structures and help promote the learning process.
Most institutions of Higher Education can now add new technological
resources audio tape, video tape, computers, video disc, and the like
Some will have access to closed-circuit television on campus.
Other may use microwave systems to take their own teaching to other
sites Learning systems, by satellite, now exist in a number of countries,
some operating internationally.
The technology can be used to store or deliver or transfer knowledge of
any kind.
CONTINUING EDUCATION/LIFE
LONG EDUCATION
An educational system that would start prior to the
normal school age, and would continue beyond the end
of formal schooling. It would include many learning
settings including the home, the community, the place of
work, clubs and societies and would involve many
different learning and teaching strategies.
The traditional institutions such as schools, universities
and colleges would continue to have as important role
although in their present form.
Life long education obviously have much to learn from
already working in the field of about education, the
reverse is also true
Conti..
A principle to lifelong education is the it must facilitate learning
throughout the entire life span.
Pre school, elementary schooling secondary schooling initial post
school education and further education would be coordinated with
each other is such a away the each of the separate stages or levels
would function both as continuation of the previous stage and a
preparation for the next.
This link would include not only scientific and technical aspects of a
society, but also cultural, economic, and even religious elements.
Conti..
Institutions of Higher Education would have a three-fold function in
helping to implement lifelong education.
The first rule is that institution accepting a role as simply one
element.
Secondly, institution would also have an important part to play in
promoting development of the personal fundamentals and
competencies for lifelong learning.
 This would be done partly by training people in lifelong learning
competencies, and partly by providing them with opportunities to
skills they had already acquired.
 Thirdly, there is the special responsibility of teachers in higher
education to serve as effective role models for lifelong learning
While this has importance in all disciplines.
ANY QUESTION???

THANK YOU

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