ELH 111

PowerPoint &
Pamphlet
presentation
Lecture 5
 Purpose of a PowerPoint Presentation
• Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory.
• Is a model of human memory proposed by Alan Baddeley & Graham Hitch in 1974, in an attempt to
present a more accurate model of our short-term memory
• Working memory: splits the short-term memory into multiple components, rather than
considering it to be a single, unified construct – thus Baddeley & Hitch proposed their
three-part working memory model
• the central executive component which acts as a supervisory system and controls the flow of
information from and to its slave systems: the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad.
• The phonological loop stores verbal content, whereas the
• Visuo-spatial sketchpad caters to visuo-spatial data.
• A fourth component of Baddeley's model was added 25 years later to complement the
central executive system. The third slave system was designated as episodic buffer. It is
considered a limited-capacity system that provides temporary storage of information by
conjoining information from the subsidiary systems, and long-term memory, into a single
episodic representation
Baddeley and Hitch’s three-part model of working memory.

•the Central Executive Component coordinates the work of three

systems by organizing the information we hear, see, and store into
working memory.
•The Phonological Loop deals with any auditory information. Students
in a classroom are potentially listening to a variety of things: the
instructor, questions from their peers, sound effects or audio from the
PowerPoint presentation, and their own “inner voice.”
•The Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad deals with information we see. This
involves such aspects as form, color, size, space between objects, and
their movement. For students this would include: the size and color of
fonts, the relationship between images and text on the screen, the
motion path of text animation and slide transitions, as well as any hand
gestures, facial expressions, or classroom demonstrations made by the
instructor.
•The Episodic Buffer integrates the information across these sensory
domains and communicates with long-term memory. All of these
elements are being deposited into a holding tank called the “episodic
buffer.” This buffer has a limited capacity and can become “overloaded”
thereby, setting limits on how much information students can take in at
once.
Purpose of PP
Advice from Edelman and Harring on leveraging the working memory with PowerPoint:

• Leverage the working memory by dividing the information between the visual
and auditory modality. Doing this reduces the likelihood of one system
becoming overloaded. For instance, spoken words with pictures are better than
pictures with text, as integrating an image and narration takes less cognitive effort
than integrating an image and text.
• Minimize the opportunity for distraction by removing any irrelevant material
such as music, sound effects, animations, and background images.
• Use simple cues to direct learners to important points or content. Using text size,
bolding, italics, or placing content in a highlighted or shaded text box is all that is
required to convey the significance of key ideas in your presentation.
• Don’t put every word you intend to speak on your PowerPoint slide. Instead, keep
information displayed in short chunks that are easily read and comprehended.
Purpose of PP
According to Edelman and Harring, students learn more when:

• Material is presented in short phrases rather than full paragraphs.

• The presenter talks about the information on the slide rather than
having students read it on their own.
• Relevant pictures are used. Irrelevant pictures decrease learning
compared to PowerPoint slides with no picture
• Students take notes (if the professor is not talking). But if the
professor is lecturing, note-taking and listening decreased learning.
How to make a great PowerPoint
There are many factors that are going to influence the effectiveness of
your PowerPoint, some of them are:
1. Keep the Baddeley and Hitch’s model of working memory in mind
when making design decisions about your PowerPoint
2. High-quality content.
3. Attractive visuals.
4. Engaging components.
5. Speaking confidence, etc.
Tips On How To Make Your PowerPoint Presentation Perfect

• Simplify The Words

In any PowerPoint presentation, there are a few seconds time a person can
see the slide. It should contain simple & short words, so as to pertain only
the most valuable information.
• A good PowerPoint presentation will be easily grasped & understood within seconds.
• Avoid Using All Capital Letters
It looks confusing and won’t be seen in a good PowerPoint presentation.
• Light Text and Dark Background
The goal is to make the text more visible, and it is more important than the
background.
• Use this for all lines of text, mandatory bullet points, and also key phrases..
Tips On How To Make Your PowerPoint
Presentation Perfect
• Use HD Images
You should only use HD images. These will make your slides look
better and more professional. They can make any presentation so
much better and more appealing. Use the best images you can find.
• Avoid Using Animations
These animations will get old fast, and they don't contribute to the
overall value of your presentation. Keep things simple and easy.
Rules On How To Make A Successful PowerPoint Presentation

• Show your creativity

• A PowerPoint project is not about making it “right” or “wrong” – it is about showing
your personality, so be creative and try to surprise everyone with your unique vision.
• Add high-quality media files
• It is not a secret that 90% of PowerPoint presentation's success is by graphics. This is
the main thing that will attract your audience's attention. Therefore, you should
always use high-quality pictures and videos, not mentioning that all files have to be
relevant to your topic and also engaging (consider adding some unusual and fun
graphics).
• Choose a good theme
• A well-planned visual theme will help you make your slides look organic and
harmonic. However, do not use templates. Using common templates removes your
personal touch from the work, and thus it won’t be memorable.
Rules On How To Make A Successful
PowerPoint Presentation
• Avoid providing too much text or bullet lists
• The main idea of a PowerPoint Presentation is simplicity!
• This type of project MUST NOT be overloaded with text –
• This will be your function as a speaker to share more information with the audience, while your
slides only have to contain the main points!
• Try to read less
• Another thing that contributes to the success of your presentation is your confidence
as a speaker, which is not shown if you are reading from the slides all the time.
• Use of charts and diagrams
• Often, charts and diagrams can highlight or explain the message you are trying to
convey much better than any text,
• Avoid common mistakes such as inappropriate size & lack of consistency.
Rules On How To Make A Successful
PowerPoint Presentation
• Fonts
• Although choosing fonts may not seem like a big problem, an inappropriate
font can ruin the whole impression of your work!
• Choose fonts that will be easy to read and would look harmonious in your presentation.
• Less is better
• There is a rule that can help you make a perfect presentation:
The 10/20/30 rule
• recommends you to include not more than 10 slides in your project,
• limit the time of presentation to a maximum of 20 minutes,
• and use minimum 30-point font size to make it easy to read.
Summary
DO’s DON'ts
Graphs increase understanding of Too many words on a slide
content

Bulleted lists help organize ideas Clip art

PowerPoint can help to structure lectures Movement (slide transitions or word

animations)

Verbal explanations of pictures/graphs Templates with too many colours

help more than written clarifications
Step by step Process for Making a Pamphlet
• Step 1: Define the Purpose of Your Pamphlet
• As an informative medium, a pamphlet must include essential and relevant information
to interest the viewer and pique their curiosity to find out more. Using a pamphlet as a
marketing tool can also help improve your brand awareness and credibility.
• Step 2: Consider Your Audience
• who are the people you’re making the pamphlet for
• Step 3: Write the Content
• The content for your pamphlet must be ready before you start creating the layout and
design: For heightened productivity, put together an outline on Google Docs or
Microsoft Word that separates the content into sections as they will be laid out in the
pamphlet.
• Cover, Left inside panel behind the cover, Middle inside panel, Right inside panel, Right outside
panel & Back cover
• Organize the content according to where you plan it to go and add notes about relevant images,
illustrations or graphics you’d like to use.
Step by step Process for Making a
Pamphlet
• Step 4: Choose a Template & input the content
• Go section by section
• Use your outline to keep track of all the content you’re pasting in
• Step 5: Select the Images
• Add visuals to your pamphlet
• When adding images to your pamphlet or any design you’re working on, try
using filters to match the colour and intensity of the rest of the project.
• Step 6: Review Your Pamphlet Content and Proofread