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Lecture 1

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usama ahmad
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PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY

SECOND SEMESTER

PHARM-702
CONTENTS OF THE COURSE
 Introduction to Biotechnology: Genetics/genomics, proteomics,
biomolecular target identification, pharmacogenomics, gene therapy, and
nucleic acid therapeutics.

 Biotechnological aspects of product development.

 Techniques used in pharmaceutical biotechnology: PCR, DNA sequencing,


affinity protein purification.

 Fundamentals of genetic engineering and its application in medicine.

 Pharmaceutical recombinant therapeutic proteins, growth factors,


therapeutic antibodies, high-throughput screening of putative therapeutic
compounds.

 Principle, synthesis, and application of monoclonal antibodies.

 Immobilized enzymes and their application in medicine.


LESSON - 01
INTRODUCTION TO BIOTECHNOLOGY
 Biotechnology (BT) may be defined by various definitions as:

A science that applies the techniques of engineering and


technology to the study of any living organism.
 The development and utilization of biological processes, forms
and systems for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other
forms of life.
 Biotechnology is a link between biological, physical and
chemical sciences and technology.

 Various forms of biotechnology existed already in ancient times


for e.g. preparation of wine from grapes, fermentation of bread,
cheese, antibiotics etc.

 The modern era of biotechnology started when Watson and Crick


discovered the Double Helix DNA in 1950.
 Presently, the term biotechnology is often used interchangeably
with the term “Molecular Biotechnology” or “Genetic
Engineering”.

 The advances in biotechnology have influenced many fields of


applied sciences, thus introducing many branches of
biotechnology such as:

 Agriculture BT: deals with pests & disease resistant plants


with cost effective treatments.
 Medical BT: deals with medical kits, briefcase ultrasound,
portable ECG, production of artificial organs, etc.
 Engineering BT: deals with cloning, modified strains of m.
organisms, etc.
 Textile and Paper BT: deals with production of special fibers
using microbes and dyes, etc.
 Environmental BT: deals with purification of waste water and
environment through cloned or genetically modified bacteria.
 Metal BT: deals with the use of m. organisms in degradation,
isolation and purification of metals and mines.

 Leather BT: deals with the use of enzymes from various


animals or m. organisms for cost effective treatment of leather.

 Pharmaceutical BT: deals with the manufacturing of


pharmaceutical products, such as hormones, proteins,
antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, etc.

 Medical BT and Pharmaceutical BT are often linked with each


other for e.g. production of one-shot vaccines, food vaccines,
vitamins, antibiotics, production of insulin in microbes, etc.

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