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CNS Development

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30 views

CNS Development

Uploaded by

jawaharsanjithkumaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CNS Development

Neurulation
 It is the process of formation of neural
tube.
 Neurulation starts during the third week
of embryonic development.
Neuroectoderm and neural plate
stage ( 6th to 19th day)
 Neuroectoderm is situated on the dorsal
aspect of the embryonic disc in the midline.
 Under the inductive effect of notochord, the
neuroectoderm becomes thickened to form the
neural plate.
 The neural plate is slipper shaped.
Neural Groove and Folds Stage(Somite
Period – 20th/21st Day)

 The neural plate becomes depressed


along the midline with raised margins on
either sides.
 This results in formation of neural
groove and neural folds.
Neuropore

 Anterior neuropore
closes around 25th day
 It is represented by
lamina terminalis

 Posterior neuropore
closes on 28th day
 It represents the
terminal ventricle.
Development of brain and spinal cord

 The neural tube is divisible into an enlarged


cranial part which forms the brain and a caudal
tubular part that forms the spinal cord.
 The cavity of the neural tube forms the
ventricular system of the adult brain and the
central canal of spinal cord.
Development of brain
Ventricles of brain
 Cavity of telencephalon – lateral ventricle
 Cavity of dienecephalon – 3rd ventricle
 Cavity of mesencephalon – Aqueduct of Sylvius
 Cavity of rhombencephalon – 4th ventricle
 Cavity of spinal cord – central canal
Development of ventricles of brain
Flexures of neural tube
 Cervical flexure: Junction of myelencephalon
and spinal cord
 Mesencephalic flexure(cephalic): In the
region of midbrain
 Pontine flexure: Middle of rhombencephalon
 Telencephalic flexure: Between telecephalon
and diencephalon
Flexures of neural tube
Development of spinal cord
 The spinal cord develops from caudal
cylindrical part of neural tube.
 The lateral walls are thick, but the roof and
floor are thin.
 The wall is subdivided into ependymal, mantel
and marginal layer.
 The mantle grows faster and thicker.
 Sulcus limitans, the line separating the ventral
and dorsal part is formed.
 Dorsal/alar lamina – sensory/afferent
 Ventral/basal lamina – motor/efferant
 The ventral part of the cavity forms the central
canal.
Development of spinal cord
Recession of spinal cord
Neural crest cells
• The neural crest is a
collection of multipotent
stem cells located at the
dorsolateral side of the
neural tube proximal to
the epidermal layer after
neurulation.
• These cells migrate
throughout the embryo
and give rise to a large
range of cell types.
Dorsal mass
Neuroblast:
 Pseudounipolar neurons of posterior root ganglion
 Neurons of sensory ganglion of V, VII, VIII, IX, X cranial
nerves
Spongioblast:
 Satellite cells
 Schwann cells

Pluripotent cells:
 Odontoblasts and dentine
 Melanoblasts
 Cartilage cells of brachial arch
 Pia mater and arachnoid membrane
Ventral mass
Sympathoblasts(small cells):
 Sympathetic ganglion
 Parasympathetic ganglion of III, VII, IX and X
cranial nerves
Chromaffin cells(large cells):
 Suprarenal medulla
 Para-aortic body
 Enterochromaffin cells
Mnemonic for derivative of neural crest
cells
MOTEL PASS
 M – Melanocytes
 O – Odontoblasts
 T – Tracheal cartilage
 E – Enterochromaffin cells
 L – Laryngeal cartilage, Leptomeninges(pia mater +
arachnoid membrane)
 P – Parafollicular C-cells, Parasympathetic ganglion
 A – Adrenal medulla
 S – Schwann cells, Satellite cells
 S – Sympathetic ganglion
Neural tube defects
Anencephaly:
Failure of closure of anterior neuropore results in exposure of
brain substance to the surface
Spina bifida
Spina bifida is a condition that occurs when the
spine and spinal cord don't form properly.
Rachischisis
Failure of closure of neural groove resulting in exposure of
neural tissue onto the surface.
Thank you

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