MOTION IN ONE DIMENSION

Learning Targets

Describe the motion of an object in terms of

Distance or displacement.
Differentiate scalar and vector quantities.
Calculate the distance and displacement of
the given formula.
MOTION
Distance and Displacement
Motion
▶ Motion – an object’s
change in position
relative to a reference
point.
Reference Point
Reference Point
A reference point is a place or
object used for comparison to
determine if something is in
motion.
Reference Point
Motion and Position
You don't always need to see something move to
know that motion has taken place.

A reference point is needed to

determine the position of an object.

Motion occurs when an object changes its

position relative to a reference point.

The motion of an object depends on the

reference point that is chosen.
 SCALAR QUANTITIES
Definition: quantities that just have
magnitude (strength) but NO direction.
Examples:
1. Speed 60 mph
2. Mass 42 kg
3. Volume 33 mL
4. Density 6 g/mL
5. Temperature
32°C
 VECTOR QUANTITIES
Definition: quantities that have both
magnitude (strength) and direction.
Examples:
1. Velocity 60 mph East
2. Force 8 N south
3. Acceleration 3 m/s/s (m/s2)
Left
4. Momentum16 Kg m/s Right
5. Electric Field 112 N/C East
Check For Understanding

Quantity Scalar or Vector Quantity

5m SCALAR
30 m/s East VECTOR
5 mi. North VECTOR
20 degrees Celsius SCALAR
256 g SCALAR
4000 calories SCALAR
88 N south VECTOR
 DISTANCE,d
It is the measurement of the actual
path traveled between two point.

It is a scalar quantity that only

represents the magnitude of
interval between two points.
 DISTANCE,d
This can be expressed in units of
length like cm, m, and km.

d = d 1 + d2 + … d n
 DISPLACEMENT

Displacement is the change in the position of an

object.
It is a vector quantity and has a direction and
magnitude. It represented an arrow that points
from the starting position to the final position.
 DISPLACEMENT
The shortest distance between the object’s
initial and final position.

Displacement can be (-),(+), or (0). While

distance is always (+)
Displacement
Let’s try

1. T. Gerry travels 20km

North, 30km East, 20km
South, and 30km West and
stopped. Solve for the
distance and displacement.
Let’s try

2. Justine bikes 10km north,

8 km south, and 10 km
north again. Calculate the
distance and displacement
traveled by Justine.
Let’s try

3. Joren walks 3 km north,

then turns and walks 4km
east. Calculate the distance
and displacement traveled
by Joren.
Activity 2: In your notebook,(Copy and answer), show
your complete solution

1. Asha drives her car 45 km

north. She stops for lunch and
then drives 15 km east. What
distance did she cover? What
was her displacement?
Activity 2: In your notebook, (Copy and answer), show
your complete solution
2. On his fishing trip, Nica takes the
boat 25 km south. The fish aren’t
biting so he goes 10km west, He
follows a school of fish 15km north.
What distance did he cover? What
was his displacement?
Activity 2: In your notebook, (Copy and answer), show
your complete solution
3. Mr. Poh Gy goes on a camel safari
in Africa. They travel 8km south and
4km east. What is the distance
covered and its displacement of Poh
Gy?
SPEED AND VELOCITY
Speed
Speed is a scalar
quantity that
refers to how fast
an object is
moving.
Speed: 60 km/h, 120 m/s, 240 mil./h
Speed is measured as distance moved
over time.

s
Equation for speed is:
1.

Elma, the fastest female sprinter in

South East Asia, can run a 200-m
distance course in 24.42 seconds.
What is Elma’s speed?
2.

A car travels a distance of 540 km in

6 hours. Calculate the speed of the
car
3.

John is a runner. He runs the 100 m

sprint in 20 seconds. Calculate John’s
speed.
4.

A whale swims at a constant speed of 8.0

m/s for 17 seconds. Calculate the
distance traveled by the whale.
5.

A girl cycles for 30 seconds at a speed of

4 m/s. Calculate the distance she
travels.
6.

Jim traveled at a speed of 18.00 m/s for

2.0 seconds. Calculate the distance
traveled by Jim.
7.

A vehicle drives a distance of 26000 m at

a speed of 65 m/s, calculate the time
taken for this journey.
8.

The train travels at a speed of 16 m/s

and travels a distance of 3200 m.,
calculate the time it takes the train to
complete this journey.
9.

Calculate the time it takes to travel a

distance of 672 km at a speed of 96
km/hr
10.

A beetle travels at a speed of 0.09 m/s,

it travels a distance of 1.08 m before it is
caught in a jar. Calculate the time taken
for the beetle to run.
SPEED AND VELOCITY
Speed
Speed is a scalar
quantity that
refers to how fast
an object is
moving.
Speed is measured as
distance moved over
time.
s
A car travels a
distance of 540 km in 6
hours. Calculate the
speed of the car
Learning Targets:
* identify the difference between
speed and velocity;
* explain the importance of
direction in the velocity through
activity; and
Learning Targets:
apply the concepts of velocity to
real-life scenarios.
 VELOCITY
It describes the
speed and
direction of an
object.
1. What is the runner’s
average velocity if his
position changes from 15m
east to 40m east during a
three second time interval.
2. Lianne drove to the city
to pick up friends. She went
3000 km east in about 10
hours. Calculate her
velocity.
3. What is the velocity of a
plane that travels 6000 mil.
North in 5 hours?
4. If a boy pedals his
bicycle at a velocity of 5.15
km/h going to the east.
How far will he travel in
two hours?
5. What is the velocity of a
car that travels 556 km
northeast in 3.5 hours?
6. What is the velocity of the
car that traveled a total of
75.76 km, North in 2.5 hours?
What if the time changed to 4
hours? What is the
displacement of the car?
7. A car is traveling at
125.16 km/hr going south.
How long it will take to
cover a distance of 750 km
going south?
8. A car is travelling at
125.16 km/hr going to
south. How long it will take
to cover a distance of 750
km going south?
Activity Time
Reminders: Please bring the following
tomorrow:
Toy car
Tape
Stopwatch
Meter stick
Acceleration
Learning Targets
Identify the factors that affects
object’s acceleration;
Solve problems involving
acceleration;
Learning Targets
Apply concepts of acceleration
by conducting an investigation
using a toy car.
Essential question: how are changes in
Acceleration described?

How can we define acceleration?

The rate at which
velocity changes
3 factors to change acceleration:
CHANGES IN SPEED
▶Acceleration can be caused by positive
(increasing) change in speed or by negative
(decreasing) change in speed.
2. CHANGES IN DIRECTION
Acceleration
can be the
result of a
change in
direction at a
constant speed.
 3 ways to change acceleration:
Changes in Speed and Direction
Sometimes motion is characterized by changes in both speed
and direction at the same time.
For example: Turning a corner. The car is accelerating
both because it is changing direction and because its speed
is decreasing.
Acceleration can change
indifferent ways:
1. Speeding up
2.Slowing down
3.Changing direction
4.Both Speed and Direction
Is acceleration a vector or
scalar quantity?

Vector
a = acceleration
△v= change in velocity
Vf = final velocity
Vi= initial velocity
t = time
△ = change ( final –
Units used:
Example 1:
A train accelerates from 10
m/s to 30 m/s in 5s.
Calculate the acceleration
of the train.
Example 2:
A car decelerates from 25m/s to 10m/s
in 8s. Calculate the magnitude of the
acceleration.
1.
A rocket accelerates from rest at 20m/s 2

for 6s to the north. What is its final

velocity?
2.
An object moving towards north with
an initial velocity of 10m/s experiences
an acceleration of 5m/s for 4s. What is
2

its final velocity?

3.
Falling objects drop with an average
acceleration of 9.8 m/s2. If an object
falls from a tall building, how long will
it take before it reaches a speed of 49
m/s?
4.
A boat travels upstream at a speed of 10
km/h and downstream at a speed of 15
km/h. If the distance between two
points along the river is 60 km, find the
total time taken for the round trip.
5.
A car slows down from 30m/s to 10m/s
in 5s. Calculate the magnitude of its
acceleration.
6.
A cart rolling down an incline for 5.0
seconds has an acceleration of 4.0 m/s2.
If the cart has a beginning speed of 2.0
m/s, what is its final speed?
7.
A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 7.0
m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist
to reach a speed of 18 m/s?
PVMCvCf
Graphing Acceleration
A distance-time graph of accelerated motion is a curve.
Ex: The data in this graph are for a ball dropped from rest toward
the ground.

In a nonlinear graph, a
curve connects the
data points that are
plotted.
Graphing Acceleration
Ex: The biker moves at a constant speed and then slows to a stop.

Constant negative
acceleration decreases
speed.
• On a speed-time graph of a
bicycle slowing to a stop, a
line sloping downward
represents the bicycle
decelerating.
• The change in speed is
negative, so the slope of
the line is negative.
Graphing Acceleration
Ex: The skier’s acceleration is positive. The acceleration is 4 m/s2.

Speed-Time Graphs
Constant acceleration is
represented on a speed–time
graph by a straight line. The
slope of the line is the
acceleration.
The graph is an example of a
linear graph, in which the
displayed data form straight-
line parts.
 A horizontal line
means the object A speed- time graph shows us how the speed
is moving at a of
The steeper steady speed. a moving object changes with time.
the graph,
the greater
the
acceleration. A downward sloping
line means the object
is slowing down.
Instantaneous Acceleration
What is instantaneous acceleration?

Instantaneous acceleration is
how fast a velocity is
changing at a specific
instant.
What Is Freefall?

Free fall is

the movement of an object toward

Earth solely because of gravity.
Objects falling near Earth’s surface
accelerate downward at a rate of 9.8
m/s2.
What Is Freefall?
t=0s

Each second an object is v = 0 m/s

t=1s
in free fall, its velocity v = 9.8 m/s

increases downward by t=2s

9.8 meters per second. v = 19.6 m/s

The change in the stone’s

speed is 9.8 m/s2, the
acceleration due to t=3s
v = 29.4 m/s
gravity.
ways to change your acceleration:

1. Increase your speed (gas pedal) (accelerate)

2. Slow down (brake) – decelerate (negative

acceleration)

3. Change your direction (steering wheel)

4. Change in both speed and direction