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Hid Chapter 5

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Habtamu Geremew
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21 views

Hid Chapter 5

Uploaded by

Habtamu Geremew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Environmental Impacts

of major WRD projects


Chapter-V

06/18/24 1
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
 Dam/ Reservoir projects:
 Dams are central components of the WRD
projects, the most expensive and technically
most complex.
 not the dam structure produces
environmental impact but the reservoir and
its operation
 The EIA and new policy must focus on how
to identify, prevent, mitigate or compensate
for the environmental effects of dams and
reservoirs
 The main impacts of dam/reservoir projects
are In general presented below
06/18/24 2
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
FACTORS

PHYSICAL FACTORS:
•Surface Water quantity
•Surface Water quality
•Groundwater
•Geology/seismology SOCIO-ECONOMIC
•Watershed erosion and FACTORS
Sedimentation •Human use values
•Downstream erosion and
Siltation
•Climate
06/18/24 3
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
 Mitigation measures:
 if a dam/reservoir will result in loss of valuable
downstream fisheries and this loss will not be offset
by the future by the future reservoir fisheries, then a
downstream fisheries development scheme may be
required to mitigate the unavoidable losses
 if the inundation area includes valuable wild life
habitat resulting in loss of wildlife, it may be
necessary to designate an area away from the project
as a wildlife sanctuary.
 if the WRD results in degradation of water quality or
reduced flows of traditional downstream water
supplies, it may be necessary to mitigate the loss by
providing groundwater development or alternative
06/18/24
water supplies. 4
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
 Hydropower projects:
 Additional parameters to be considered for
dam/reservoir/hydropower projects include the
following:
 Market for power: availability of an assured market for
planned power generation.
 Alternative to thermal power: cost of generating and
delivering power to places of use compared with
alternative power sources (thermal plants)
 Rural electrification: potentials for furnishing power to
rural villages in the vicinity of the project
 See impacts on table

06/18/24 5
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
 River Training Projects:
 River training projects, may result in marked
changes in the aquatic ecology:
 Marked reduction of meanders, riffles, and riparian
vegetation
 Increased in upstream erosion and downstream
flooding
 Depreciation of groundwater recharging from
wetlands which are reduced in size or eliminated
 Reduction of wildlife cover and soil-holding
vegetation along stream banks
 Changes in basin silt deposition patterns including
06/18/24 possible adverse downstream effects 6
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
 Some feasible mitigation measures are
given below:
 Grade control structures (such as drop,
spillway and cascade structures)
 Low level weirs
 Pool-riffle sequence
 One- sided channel construction
 Changes in channel cross section and using
deflectors
06/18/24 7
EIA of WRD PROJECTS
 Groundwater projects
 Possible effects of the withdrawal on ground
subsidence
 Possible effects of groundwater pumping in
inducing salinity intrusion, either from the
seacoast or near by saline strata
 The mineral quality of the water produced as
related to suitability for its use for irrigation,
municipal or industrial uses. For domestic
uses, the common problems are excessive
salinity, iron, which may inhibit use unless
treatment is feasible to reduce the effect.
06/18/24 8

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