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DNA Structure by Neeraj

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Neeraj Bahuguna
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8 views

DNA Structure by Neeraj

Uploaded by

Neeraj Bahuguna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NEERAJ BAHUGUNA

Remember
• DNA is a nucleic acid biomolecules

• DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid


• DNA – is the genetic material inside the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells.

IT ACTUALLY WINDS UP
REALLY TIGHTLY AND FITS
INTO CHROMOSOMES!!!
Segment of DNA

NUCLE CHROMOSOM SEGMEN


GENE
US ES TS OF
S DNA
Which cell organelle is DNA found
in (for eukaryotes)?
THE NUCLEUS!

Do prokaryotes even have DNA??? OF COURSE! But,


it is not protected
by a nucleus!
Discovering the Structure of DNA
Structure was discovered in 1953 by James
Watson and Francis Crick
They were only able to
complete the model after
x rays taken of DNA
through a microscope by
a woman named Rosalind
Franklin revealed the key
to determining the true
shape….she was never
officially credited with
the discovery 

Watch this!:
DNA ANIMATION!
• Stores the genetic information that instructs the cell on which
proteins to make.
• So, DNA makes PROTEINS
(both are biomolecules!)
• Responsible for determining all organism’s traits such as eye color,
body structure, and enzyme production.

Proteins are
responsible for
most of these
traits!
• DNA is a long molecule made up of repeating
individual units of monomers called
nucleotides.
• Nucleotides are made up of three parts that are held
together by covalent bonds:
1. Sugar
2. Phosphate Group
3. Nitrogenous Base
Phosphate

DeoxyriboseS Nitrogenous
ugar Base
A. Ribose sugar
B. Deoxyribose sugar
C. Phosphate
D. Adenine
• DNA contains four nitrogenous bases:
1. Adenine (A)
2. Guanine (G)
3. Cytosine (C)
4. Thymine (T)
• Adenine (A) always pairs with
Thymine (T)
• Guanine (G) always pairs with
Cytosine (C)
Covalent
bonds

Watch this!:
COMPOSITION OF DNA
In your notes, write in the base pairs for the following:
It is important
that these middle
bonds are weak!
Why do you
think???
• Phosphate Group & Deoxyribose
Sugar
• Form the backbone or sides of the
ladder.
• Nitrogenous Bases
• Form the “steps” of the ladder or
middle of the molecule.
A. Ribose sugar
B. Deoxyribose sugar
C. Base-pairs
D. Adenine
• DNA is a
DOUBLE
HELIX or a
twisted ladder.
THE INSTRUCTIONS
ARE IN THE SEQUENCE
OF NUCLEOTIDES.
The components that make
up the genetic code are
common to all organisms!
A T C G
If we all have the
same components
G C of DNA, why do A T
we look different
from other people
A T and from other G C
organisms like
horses or plants?
C G T A

DNA of a horse DNA of a human


What is the difference?
The difference is in the order of the bases.

The more alike two organisms are, the more alike their order of
bases will be.

Information for everything about an organism is carried in the order


of bases in their DNA, like a language.

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