Scribd
Upload
14 views

Lecture 18

Uploaded by

vajojo8727
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
14 views

Lecture 18

Uploaded by

vajojo8727
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Lecture 18

16-2: Wave speed on a stretched string, v =

 Speed of a wave is set by the properties of the medium


(stretched string).
 If a wave is to travel through a medium, it must cause the
particles of that stretched string (medium) to oscillate as it
passes.
 It requires both mass ( for kinetic energy, K) and elasticity
(for potential energy, U ) properties.
 Thus the mass and elasticity properties of the medium
determine how fast the wave can travel in the medium.
Derivation from Newton’s second law of motion, v =

+y
𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 +x
𝜃 𝜃
l
𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏 𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝜏
𝜃𝜃
2
O
R

l located at the top of the pulse


+y
𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 +x
𝜃 𝜃
l
𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏 𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝜏
𝜃𝜃
2
O
R

1. Radial restoring force:


F=
[If is very small, sin

2. Mass of the element: Linear density of the string =


=
=
+y
𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 +x
𝜃 𝜃
l
𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏 𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝜏
𝜃𝜃
2
O
R

3. Centripetal acceleration:
String element moves in an arc of a circle. It has a centripetal acceleration
toward the center of the circle.
=
Centripetal acceleration is given by
+y
𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 +x
𝜃 𝜃
l
𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜏 𝜏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝜏
𝜃𝜃
2
O
R

Newton’s 2nd law of motion


F=a
= )

= The speed of a wave along a stretched ideal string


depends only on the tension and linear density
= of the string and not on the frequency of the wave.
6. A sinusoidal wave travels along a string under tension. Figure gives
the slopes along the string at time t = 0. The scale of the x axis is set by
xs = 0.80 m. What is the amplitude of the wave?

y(x, t) = ym sin(kx - t) = slope

= {ym sin(kx - t)}

= ym {sin(kx - t)}

= kym cos(kx - t)

At t = 0 and x =0, = kym cos{k(0) - )}

= kym cos0

= kym
y(x, 0) = ym sinkx
= kym
y(0, 0)= 0
Both graph t = 0
0.2 = ym

ym =

= = slope

= 0.4 m
ym =

ym = 0.01273 m = 1.17
cm
14. The equation of a transverse wave on a string is
y = (2.0 m) sin [(20 m-1)x - (600 s-1)t]. The tension in the string is 15 N.
(a) What is the wave speed? (b) Find the linear density of this string in
grams per meter.
y = (2.0 m) sin [(20 m-1)x - (600 s-1)t]
y = ym sin(kx - t)
Given, ym = 2.0 m
k = 20 rad/m
= 600 rad/s
= 15 N

(a) v= = = 30 m/s

=
= = = 1.67x10-2 kg/m = 16.7 gm/m

You might also like