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Special Topics in Power - 1

The document provides an outline for a course on electrical transients in power systems. It lists two relevant textbooks and outlines the main topics to be covered in the course, including fundamental concepts of transients, modeling of system components, traveling waves, insulation coordination, and numerical simulation of transients. It also provides examples of solving circuits like RC, RL, and LC circuits using methods like the Laplace transform. The evaluation system weights assignments at 10% and a class project at 60% of the total grade.

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45 views

Special Topics in Power - 1

The document provides an outline for a course on electrical transients in power systems. It lists two relevant textbooks and outlines the main topics to be covered in the course, including fundamental concepts of transients, modeling of system components, traveling waves, insulation coordination, and numerical simulation of transients. It also provides examples of solving circuits like RC, RL, and LC circuits using methods like the Laplace transform. The evaluation system weights assignments at 10% and a class project at 60% of the total grade.

Uploaded by

sumayams
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrical Transients in Power System

January 2009 Mehdi Vakilian

Text Books:

1-Transients in Power Systems by: Lou van der Slius, 2001

2- Electrical Transients in Power System by: Allan Greenwood, 1991

COURSE OUTLINE

Fundamental Notions About Electrical Transients Basic Concepts and Simple Switching Transients Damping Effect on Switching Transients Abnormal Switching Transients Testing of Circuit Breakers Transient Analysis of 3Ph Power Systems

Course Outline ..continued


Transient Analysis of 3Ph Power Systems Traveling Waves and Other Transients on Transmission Line Modeling Power Equipments for Transients Numerical Simulation of Elec. Transients Lightning and its Induced Transients Insulation Coordination Protection Against Over Voltages

Evaluation System

Assignments Mid Term One (items 1 to 4) Mid Term Two (items 5 to 7) Final Class Project

: 10% : 10% : 10% : 60% : 10%

Chapter One : Fundemental Notions Time Scale in Power System Studies: about Electrical Transients Flow, Dynamic Stability planning, Load
Switching, external disturbances Frequency Content Differential Equations Solution Distributed and Lumped Parameters Calculatable,Controllable, Preventable Tools for Study

CCT Parameters

In Steady State and Transient

Mathematical Presentation & Physical Interpretation

Simple RC Circuit, Closing Ideal Sw.

Equations of RC Circuit

1 dQ dV 1 =C V = IR + Idt I = dt dt C dV 1 V = RC +V1 dt

dV 1 dt = V V 1 RC

RC Circuit Response
t ln(V V1 ) = + Cons . RC

V 1 = V Ae

t / RC

V 1 =V [ V 1 (0)] V e

t / RC

RC Circuit Discharge

dV 1 RC +V1 = 0 dt

V 1 = V 1(0)e

t / RC

Capacitor Voltage of RC CCT

Simple Circuits Characteristic (thumbprint) RC , RL , LC Circuits

Thumbprints:

RC CCT: Time Constant ; RC RL CCT : Time Constant ; L/R LC CCT : Period of Oscillation ;

2 LC

Principle of Superposition

If stimulus s1 produces R1 & s2 produces R2 applying s1+ s2 simultaneously responds R1+R2 in Linear System

Linear System: response proportional to : stimulus

S.P. Application in Switching

CCT Detail I1: Pre-opening current I2: Superposed current to simulate current cease

S.P. application in Closing switch


V1 : voltage across contacts pre-closing Therefore: -V1 fictitious stimulus superposed simulating the closing action

The LaplaceTransform Method

F (t ) = F (t ) e
0

st

dt
st

lim ,a 0 F (t ) e

dt

Laplace Transform Continued


s = + j

F (t ) = f ( s ) I (t ) = i ( s) V (t ) = v( s ) [ F 1(t ) + F 2(t )] = F 1(t ) + F 2(t )

Transform of Simple Functions


cons.V e V = V e dt = V e dt = V s 0 0
st st st 0

V = s

I (t ) = I t
'

I' I 't = I 't e st dt = I ' te st dt = 2 s 0 0

Laplace Transform continued


e j t e s in t = 2j
j t

1 1 sin t = ( 2 j s j
s cos t = 2 s + 2

1 ) 2 s +j s

Laplace Transform Application


F ( t) = s ( t) F (0) F
'

F (t ) = s F (t ) sF (0) F (0)
'' 2 '

F ( )= t
(n )

F( ) t

n 1

F(0 )

s F (0 ) ...
'

n 2

Laplace Transform Continued


1 1 [ F (t )dt ] = F (t ) + s s
t
t 0

F ( )d
0

1 1 [ I (t )dt ]= I (t ) + s s
t

I (t )dt

= Q (t )

i ( s ) Q (0) [ I (t )dt ]= + = q (s ) s s

Solving RC problem with Lap. Trans.

In terms of I in the CCT: d I I + = d R t C

Applying L.P. :

i(s) si ( s) I (0) + =0 RC
V c (0) V I (0) = R

Continuing RC CCT solution

The L.T. solution:

V c (0) V i (s) = R

1 s+1

RC

The time solution:

V V (0) t RC c I ( t) = [ ]e R

RL CCT excited by Battery V

Solving for I in CCT

dI RI + L =V dt
V Ri ( s ) + Lsi ( s ) LI (0) = s

The L.T. of Eq.:

The response:

V 1 i( s) = ........ I (0) L s[ s + R ] L

0 =

RL Time solution
1 1 1 1 = [ ] s (s + ) s s+

1 1 = [1 e s ( s + )

V I (t ) = [1e R

Rt

]L
R t

I (0) 0, add : I (0)e

Example: 377 MVA Gen field winding Energy stored in Exciter noload:1.2 L=0.638H, F.W.: MW(480V)
1.2 106 I= =2500 A 480

1 2 1 E = LI = 0.638 2.5 2 6 = 10 1.994 MJ 2 2

How must the exciter voltage be changed to reduce the field current to zero in 5 Sec 480
R f W. = . = 2500 0.192

L 0.638 = = = 3.323s R 0.192

V I (5 )= 2 5 0 0 0 .1 9 2
V = 617......Volts

3 .3 2 3

(1

e x c ite r

0(V

Example on LC CCT Transient

Two energy stored elements Second order O.D.E.


dI L + cV V = dt

dI 1 L + Idt= V dt C

i ( s ) Qc (0) V Lsi( s) LI (0) + + = sC sC s


Qc (0) where : V (0) = c C

LC CCT solution Ass. I(0)=0


V V (0) 1 c i( s ) = L s2 + ( 1
Vc (0) = 0, 1

LC

I+(0)2 s (+1
1

LC )

C = i (s ) V ( ) = LC L
2 0

0 s 2 + 2 0

C 12 I (t ) =V ( ) sin t0 L

LC CCT cont. solving for Vc

Surge Imp.
2

L Z 0 =( ) C

d Vc 2 2 + 0 Vc = 0 V 2 dt

V ' ( s + )vc ( s ) = + sVc (0) +Vc (0) s


2 2 0 2 0

If I(0)=0 then: V`c(0)=0 and Vc(0)02 1

s (s + )
2 2 0

=1 cos

V sV c (0) vc (s ) = + 2 2 2 2 s (s + 0 ) s + 0
2 0

Vc ( t) = V (1 cos 0 t ) +Vc (0) cos t = [V V c (0)]cos V 0

Vc characteristic
Vc Osc. Amp depend on V-Vc(0) Vc starts at Vc(0) as expected Response for : 1-Vc(0)=-V 2-Vc(0)=0 3-Vc(0)=+V/2 Voltage and Current Relation

Solution of an RL CCT Stimulated by an Exp. Drive (Ass. I(0)=0)


U (t ) =V e t
R i( s) + Lsi( s) V (0) LI = s+

V i(s) = ( R + Ls )( s + )

Exp. Stimulated RL CCT, Cont.

If

= R /L

V 1 1 i (s ) = ( ) L( ) s + s+ V t I (t ) = (e e L( )
t

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