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EEE Unit1 Complete

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12 views

EEE Unit1 Complete

Uploaded by

VANSH BHATI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Energy & Environmental

Engineering

III Semester ES-301


SYLLABUS
Module -1 : Introduction to Energy Science

 Overview of energy systems


 Fossil fuels
 Alternate energy sources
 Sustainability & Environmental Trade-off
 Energy storage & regeneration
SYLLABUS
Module -2 : Ecosystems

 Structure & Function


 Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
 Ecological Succession
 Food chain & Food web
 Studies of various ecosystems
SYLLABUS
Module -3 : Biodiversity & its conservation

 Types of Biodiversity
 Values of Biodiversity
 Hot-spots
 Threats to Biodiversity
 Conservation of Biodiversity
SYLLABUS
Module - 4 : Environmental Pollution

 Types of pollutants
 Types of pollution
 Causes and Effects of pollution
 Role of an individual in prevention of

pollution
 Pollution case studies
SYLLABUS
Module - 5 : Social issues & Environment

 Urban problems related to energy


 Water conservation
 Environmental ethics
 Waste management
 Environmental Protection Act
 Public awareness.
Module 1

INTRODUCTION
TO
ENERGY SCIENCE
ENERGY
 Energy is defined as the ability to do work.

 Energy can be found in many things and can


take different forms.

 For example, kinetic energy is the energy of


motion, and potential energy is energy due to an
object's position or structure.

 Energy is never lost, but it can be converted


from one form to another.
ENERGY
Sources of Energy
 Sun (Solar Energy)
 Wind
 Water
 Fossil Fuels

Types of Energy Sources


 Renewable energy sources
 Non renewable energy sources
ENERGY
 Heat energy, obtained by burning fuels like
wood, coal, kerosene or LPG is used for
cooking food.

 Energy obtained from petrol & diesel is used


to run vehicles.

Transformation of Energy…?
ENERGY
Transformation of Energy

 Solar – Thermal – Electricity

 Chemical – Mechanical – Electricity

 Potential – Kinetic - Electricity


ENERGY
Energy Efficiency

 Efficiency signifies a peak level of performance that


uses the least amount of inputs to achieve
the highest amount of output.

 Energy efficiency, means using less energy to perform


the same task.

Examples..?

 Energy Efficient buildings


ENERGY
ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES
ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES
ENERGY EFFICIENT BULDING
ENERGY
Energy Storage

 Energy Storage systems are the set of


methods and technologies used to store
electricity.

 There are many different forms of energy


storage.
ENERGY
Forms of Energy Storage

 Solid state batteries

 Flow batteries

 Flywheels

 Pumped hydro-power.
ENERGY
 Solid State Batteries
ENERGY
 Solid State Batteries
ENERGY
 Solid State Batteries
ENERGY
 Evolution of Batteries
ENERGY
 Flow Batteries
ENERGY
 Fly Wheels
ENERGY
 Pumped hydro storage
FOSSIL FUELS
 Coal

 Crude Oil

 Natural Gas
FOSSIL FUELS
COAL

 Coal is a fossil fuel created from the remains


of plants that lived and died about 100 to
400 million years ago when parts of the earth
were covered with huge swampy forests.

 Coal is classified as a nonrenewable energy


source because it takes millions of years to
form.
FOSSIL FUELS
COAL

 Millions of years ago, dead plant matter fell


into the swampy water and over the years, a
thick layer of dead plants lay decaying at the
bottom of the swamps.

 Over time, the surface and climate of the


earth changed, and more water and dirt
washed in, halting the decay process.
FOSSIL FUELS
COAL

 The weight of the top layers of water and dirt


packed down the lower layers of plant matter.

 Under heat and pressure, this plant matter


underwent chemical and physical changes,
pushing out oxygen and leaving rich
hydrocarbon deposits.
Availability of Coal
 There are an estimated 1.1 trillion tonnes of
proven coal reserves worldwide.

 This means that there is enough coal to last


us around 150 years at current rates of
production.

 In contrast, proven oil and gas reserves are


equivalent to around 50 and 52 years at
current production levels.
Availability of Coal

 Resource: The amount of coal that may be


present in a deposit or coalfield.

 Reserve: Proved & Probable Reserve


Coal Gasification
 Coal gasification is a thermo-chemical process in
which the gasifier's heat and pressure break down
coal into its chemical constituents.

 The resulting "syngas" is comprised primarily of


carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and occasionally
other gaseous compounds.

 Coal gas can also be converted into a transportation


fuel as a substitute for gasoline in vehicles, but it is
far less efficient than the current production and
burning of petroleum-based gasoline.
Coal Gasification
 Coal gasification is said to have greater efficiency
than conventional coal-burning because it can
effectively use the gases twice:

 The coal gases are first cleansed of impurities and


fired in a turbine to generate electricity.

 Then, the exhaust heat from the gas turbine can be


captured and used to generate steam for a steam
turbine-generator.

 This is called a combined cycle.


Alternative for Fossil Fuels
 Solar Energy

 Wind Energy

 Biomass Energy

 Wave & Tidal Energy

 Nuclear Energy

 Hydrogen Energy
Solar Energy
 The Sun (or Sol), is the star at the centre of our
solar system and is responsible for the Earth’s
climate and weather.

 The Sun is an almost perfect sphere with a


difference of just 10km in diameter between
the poles and the equator.

 The average radius of the Sun is 695,508 km


(109.2 x that of the Earth) of which 20–25% is
the core.
Solar Energy
Facts about the Sun
 At its centre the Sun reaches temperatures of

15 million °C.
 The Sun is all the colors mixed together, this

appears white to our eyes.


 The Sun is mostly composed of hydrogen

(70%) and Helium (28%).


 The Sun is a main-sequence G2V star (or

Yellow Dwarf).
 The Sun is 4.6 billion years old.
 The Sun is 109 times wider than the Earth

and 330,000 times as massive.


Solar Energy
Solar Radiation
 Extraterrestrial Radiation
Solar Energy
Solar Radiation
 Terrestrial Radiation
Solar Energy
Solar Radiation : Conversion to Electricity

 Indirect Conversion

Solar – Thermal – Electricity

 Direct Conversion

Solar (PV system) – Electricity


Solar Energy
Solar Energy conversion to Electricity
Solar – Thermal – Electricity

 Flat Plate Collectors

 Parabolic Trough Collectors

 Dish type Collectors


Solar Energy
Flat Plate Collector
Solar Energy
Solar Water Heater
Solar Energy
Parabolic Trough Collector
Solar Energy
Solar Thermal Power Plant
Solar Energy
Solar Dish type collector
Solar Energy
 Concentrated Solar Power Plant
Solar Energy
 Concentrated Solar Power Plant
Solar Energy
 Concentrated Solar Power Plant
Solar Energy
 Solar PV Systems
Solar Energy
 Solar PV Systems
Solar Energy
 Solar PV Systems
Solar Energy
 Solar PV Systems
Wind Energy
Origin

 Local Winds

 Global Winds
Wind Energy
Origin

Local Winds

 Land breeze

 Sea breeze
Wind Energy
Local Winds
Wind Energy
Global Winds

Coriolis Effect
Wind Energy
Wind energy – Electricity

 Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT)

 Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)


Wind Energy
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT)
Wind Energy
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT)

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