Scribd
Upload
17 views

Natural Hazards & Disasters

Topic of GSA for CSS preparation.

Uploaded by

Šyeda Âfroze Ğillani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

Natural Hazards & Disasters

Topic of GSA for CSS preparation.

Uploaded by

Šyeda Âfroze Ğillani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 20

NATURAL

HA ZARDS &
DISASTERS
GENERAL SCIENCE & ABILITY
BY
UMER SAEED KHAN
WHAT IS A DISASTER?

• A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously


disrupts the functioning of a community or society and
causes human, material, and economic or environmental
losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to
cope using its own resources”.
DISASTER

A disaster occurs when a hazard impacts on vulnerable people. The combination


of hazards, vulnerability and inability to reduce the potential negative
consequences of risk results in a disaster.

Disaster = Hazard x Vulnerability

Capacity
It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient
capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk.
HAZARD, VULNERABILITY & CAPACITY

• Hazard can be defined as a threatening event, or probability of occurrence of a potentially


damaging phenomenon within a given time period and area.

• Vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or group to
anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-made hazard.
– Vulnerability increase by
• Poverty
• Poor infrastructure
• Lack of natural resource
• Capacity can be defined as The resources available to individuals, households and communities
to cope with a threat or to resist the impact of a hazard. Such resources can be physical or material,
but they can also be found in the way a community is organized or in the skills or attributes of
individuals and/or organizations in the community.
HAZARD TYPES
HAZARDS IN PAKISTAN
NATURAL HUMAN INDUCED
DROUGHTS TRANSPORT ACCIDENTS
EARTHQUAKES OIL SPILLS
FLOODS URBAN FIRES
TSUNAMI
CIVIL CONFLICTS
AVALANCHES
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENTS
LANDSLIDES
CYCLONES/STORMS CHEMICAL, NUCLEAR AND

GLACIAL LAKE OUTBURSTS RADIOLOGICAL (CNR) ACCIDENTS


RIVER EROSION
PEST ATTACKS
EPIDEMICS
SCALE OF DISASTER
Is Dependent on :

– Lead Time Available.

– Intensity of Hazard.

– Duration.

– Spatial Extent.

– Density of Population & Assets.

– Time of Occurrence.

– Vulnerabilities existing in the Elements at Risk.


ELEMENTS AT RISK
• People
• Livestock
• Rural Housing
• Houses
• Crops, Trees, Forests
• Telephone, Electric poles, Sewerage system
• Communication Network, Roads, Railways, airports
• Boats, Shipping Infrastructure, Coast side buildings
• Personal Property
• Universities, Hospitals
• Infrastructure Support
DISASTERS IN OUR COURSE
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Disaster Management can be defined as the organization and

management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all

humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness,

response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.


GOALS OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT

(1) Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards

(2) Assure prompt assistance to victims

(3) Achieve rapid and effective recovery


HUMAN RESPONSE TO HAZARDS
• Reactive – traditional response
– Impact
• Direct (People killed, property damaged – affects individuals or small
groups) and
• Indirect effects (mental trauma, tax, donations—affects population)
– Stages:
• Emergency: Search and Rescue, shelter, opening roads
• Restoration: water and power, return to home, cleaning of rubble
• Reconstruction I: Return to pre-disaster level
• Reconstruction II: improvement
– Rapid Restoration can be counter-productive
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
MITIGATION
Mitigation activities actually eliminate or reduce the probability of disaster
occurrence, or reduce the effects of unavoidable disasters. Mitigation
measures include:
• building codes;
• vulnerability analyses updates;
• zoning and land use management;
• building use regulations and safety codes;
• preventive health care; and
• public education.
PREPAREDNESS
During the preparedness phase, governments, organizations, and individuals develop
plans to save lives, minimize disaster damage, and enhance disaster response
operations. Preparedness measures include:
• preparedness plans;
• emergency exercises/training;
• warning systems;
• emergency communications systems;
• evacuations plans and training;
• resource inventories;
• emergency personnel/contact lists;
• mutual aid agreements; and
RESPONSE
• Evacuation/Mitigation

• Search and Rescue

• Assessment

• Emergency Relief

• Logistics and Supply

• Communication and information Management

• Survivor Response and coping

• Security

• Expedite rehabilitation and reconstruction


RECOVERY
Recovery activities continue until all systems return to normal or

better. Recovery measures, both short and long term, include

returning vital life-support systems to minimum operating standards;

temporary housing; public information; health and safety education;

reconstruction; counseling programs; and economic impact studies.


CHALLENGES
LACK OF POLITICAL ATTENTION
RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS AND COMPETING DEMANDS
LACK OF AWARENESS AND
LACK OF PROFESSIONAL EXPERTISE IN THE FIELD OF DRM

You might also like