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Lecture - 1

rangwala

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sarbuswce
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© © All Rights Reserved
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BAE 208 Building Construction and Cost

Estimation (2+1)
SYLLABUS
Unit I: Building materials
1. Rocks -Classification of rocks, Stones, characteristics
and testing
2. Clay products, Bricks, properties, classification,
manufacturing and testing of bricks.
3. Clay products, ceramics, tiles, earthenware and
stoneware and uses.
4. Sand, Sources, Characteristics, grading and bulking of
Sand.
5. Timber, qualities and defects.
6. Metals, Ferrous and Non-ferrous, material substitution.
Unit II: Cementing materials
1. Lime, types, properties and storage, calcination.
2. Cement, Raw materials, types, manufacture of
cement, wet and dry process, Storage.
3. Mortar, types,
4. Concrete, methods of preparation, RCC, advantages.
Unit III: Masonry
1. Masonry, general principles, Stone, Rubble and
Ashlar masonry
2. Selection, Tools for stone masonry and Brick
masonry
3. Classifications of bonds, English and Flemish bond.
Unit IV: Building construction
1. Foundation, Bearing capacity of soils, foundation
requirements, causes of failure, types of foundations.
2. Walls, classification, Roofs and Trusses,
classification.
3. Floors, types of floor.
4. Doors and windows. Types, Fixtures and fastenings
for doors and windows.
5. Dampness, methods of damp proofing. Painting and
distempering
Design:
1. Strength requirement for all the dimensions of walls,
slabs, beams, columns and pillars
2. Technology, building construction, procedures
3. Types of agricultural buildings and related needs,
farm houses, workshop, poultry sheds, dairy barns
4. Design of a farm house and workshop
5. Design of a poultry and dairy barn
6. Application of design theory and practice to the
conservation
Unit V: Planning, Estimation and costing
1. Preparation of building plans,
2. PWD schedule of rates,
3. Procedure and methods of estimation, two wall
method, four wall method and centre line method,
4. Detailed estimate, abstract estimate, data sheet.
5. Cost-in-use, benefit-to-costs and savings-to-
investment ratios, rate of return, net benefits,
payback period
PRACTICAL SCHEDULE
1. Civil drawing, introduction, National building code, Standard
symbols for materials, doors, windows, plumbing and sanitary
ware
2. Drawing a footing for a wall and a footing for an RCC column
3. Drawing of a linteled wall section
4. Drawing fully paneled door with RCC frame
5. Paneled and glazed door with wooden panel
6. Drawing king post and queen post trusses
7. Drawing lean-to roof, coupled roof, and collar roof.
8. Drawing steel roof trusses
9. Single floor residential building, Plan, Elevation and Cross
section
10. Storied residential building, Plan, Elevation and Cross section
Slump cone test to determine water cement ratio in a mix
and assessment of quality standards of a brick.
Estimation of a single room building.
Detailed estimate and abstract of a double room building
Detailed estimate and abstract of a masonry water tank
Text books:
Duggal. S.K., 2008. Engineering materials (3rd edition).
New Age International publishers, New Delhi-2.
Rangwala. S.C., 2009. Building construction. Charotar
publishing house, Anand, Gujarat.
Punmia. B.C., 2008. Building construction. Laxmi
publications pvt. Limited, New Delhi
Datta. B.N, 2016. Estimation and costing . Published by the
Author, Tagore Palli, Motilal Bose road, Lucknow -1.
BUILDING MATERIAL
Important role to play in this modern age of
technology
Use in construction activities
Important contribution in national economy
Different materials and forms of construction have
developed in different parts of the world
Economic aspect of the choice of materials.
Building materials
 Stones
 Bricks
 Lime
 Cement
 Sand
 Mortar
 Concrete
 Timber
 Miscellaneous materials-
metals, iron, steel; non metals- Al, Copper
Plastics, Asbestos, Glass, Plaster of Paris
Grouping of building materials
 The grouping of building materials is done by
considering specific properties of the materials such as
stones, ceramics, cement concrete, timber, metals, etc.
thus the materials of construction, for the purpose of
convenience, can be broadly classified in the following
three groups:
 cement materials such as lime, cement, mortar, etc.
 Protective materials such as paint, varnishes, etc.
 Solid materials such as stones, bricks, iron, etc.
PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIAL - Physical
Bulk density is the ratio of mass to the volume of the
material.

Porosity is the ratio of volume of pores to the volume of


material.
Durability: To withstand against the combined action of
atmospheric and other factors
Specific gravity is the ratio of mass of given substance to
the mass of water at 4oC for the equal volumes.
Fire Resistance: To withstand against fire without changing
its shape and other properties. Fire resistance of a material is
tested by the combined actions of water and fire.
Frost Resistance: To resist freezing or thawing is called frost
resistance.
It is depends upon the density and bulk density of material.
Denser materials will have more frost resistance.
Moist materials have low frost resistance and they lose
their strength in freezing and become brittle.
 Weathering Resistance: To withstand against all
atmospheric actions without losing its strength and shape.
For example corrosion occurs in iron due to weathering.
To resist this paint layer is provided.
Spalling Resistance: The ability of a material to undergo
certain number of cycles of sharp temperature variations
without failing is known as spalling resistance
Water Absorption: The capacity of a material to absorb and
retain water in it is known as water absorption. It is
expressed in % of weight of dry material.
Water Permeability: The ability of a material to permit
water through it is called water permeability.
Refractoriness :The property of a material which cannot
melts or lose its shape at prolonged high temperatures
(1580oC or more). Example: fire clay is high refractory
material.
PROPERTIES OF BUILDING MATERIAL - Mechanical
Strength: The capacity of a material to resist failure caused
by loads acting on it is called as strength.
The load may be compressive, tensile or bending.
It is determined by dividing the ultimate load taken by the
material with its cross sectional area.
Hardness: The property of materials to resist scratching by
another substance. Mohs Hardness scale (MOHS) scale is
used to determine the hardness of materials.
Elasticity: The capacity of a material to regain its initial
shape and size after removal of load is known as elasticity
Plasticity :When the load is applied on the material, if it will
undergo permanent deformation without cracking and retain
this shape after the removal of load
Brittleness: When the material is subjected to load, if it
fails suddenly without causing any deformation.
Examples: concrete, cast-iron etc.
Fatigue: If a material is subjected to repeated loads, then
the failure occurs at some point which is lower than the
failure point caused by steady loads.
Impact strength: If a material is subjected to sudden loads
and it will undergo some deformation without causing
rupture is known as its impact strength. It designates the
toughness of material.
Abrasion Resistance: The loss of material due to rubbing
of particles while working is called abrasion.
Creep: Deformation caused by constant loads for long
periods. It is time dependent and occurs at very slow rate

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