BY

Prof. Godwin Idoro

Department of Building,
University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANNING

Construction Programmes:
Programme of Work
Contractor’s Cash-flow Chart
Human Resource Plan/Labour Schedule
Plant Schedule
Material Schedule
Project Communication Plan
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Network Analysis: Critical Path Method:
A plan that shows:
The activities in a project using arrows and/or nodes
The sequence of the activities
Durations of the activities
Procedure:
Project Activity Definition:
Project Activity Sequencing
Project Activity Resource Definition
Project Activity Duration Definition
Schedule of Project Activities
Draw the programme of work using arrows and nodes.
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Programme of Work using Network Analysis:
Two methods:
Precedence Network Logic Diagram using Arrow method
Arrows represent project activities
Nodes represent sequence of project activities
Precedence Network Logic Diagram using Node method
Nodes represent project activities
Arrows represent sequence of project activities
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Critical Path Method:
Arrow: Types:
Continuous arrow :
Dummy arrow:
Continuous Arrow: represents:
An Activity in a project
Link between two or more activities
Pattern of flow of project activities
Dummy arrow: represents:
Link between two or more project activities
Sequence between two or more project activities
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMMES
Node:
Circle, square or rectangle
Placed at the tail and head of an arrow
Represents start (node at the tail of an arrow)or Finish
(node at the head of an arrow) of an activity(ies)
Assigned numbers in ascending order of the flow of
activities.
Number assigned to the node at the tail of an arrow
should be less than the number assigned to the node at
the head of the arrow
Each arrow must have a node at its tail and head
 O O
 1 2
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMMES
Draw the Network Analysis of the following activities:
Activity before after duration
1. Cut panels - 2 2
2. Fix panels 1 3 4
3. Erect formwork 2,6 7 1
4. Cut reinforcement - 5 1
5. Bend reinforcement 4 6 2
6. Lay reinforcement 5 3 4
7. Lay electrical cables 3 8 1
8. Cast concrete 7 - 1
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

Critical Path Method

Project Logic Network Diagram using arrow method
 1 O
 2
O 4 O 5 O 6 O 3 O 7 O 8 O
Start
Finish
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Paths in Project Logic Network Diagram
Flow of activities from the start to finish of a project
 1 2 3 7 8
O O O O O O
Start Finish

 4 5 6 3 7 8
O O O O O O O
start Finish

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Critical Activities:
Activities without Float
Activities that cannot be delayed
Critical Path:
Path with all activities critical
Longest Path
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Draw the network diagram of the following activities

Activity Dur B4 Aft ES EF LS LF TF FF IF
V 3 - O,P 0 3 4 7 4 0 4
U 4 - Q 0 4 2 6 2 2 0
T 3 - S,R 0 3 0 3 0 0 0
S 3 T Q 3 6 3 6 0 0 0
R 4 T N,M 3 7 7 11 4 4 0
Q 5 U,S N,M 6 11 6 11 0 0 0
P 4 V N,M 3 7 7 11 4 4 0
O 3 V N 3 6 10 13 7 5 2
M 6 R,Q,P - 11 17 11 17 0 0 0
N 4 R,Q,P,O - 11 15 13 17 2 2 0
CALCULATIONS
Ls= Ls of activity after – duration of activity
E.G Ls of activity O = Ls of activity N (13) – duration
of activity O (3) = 10
Ls of activity P = Ls of activity N (13) – duration of
activity P (4) = 9
OR
Ls of activity P = Ls of activity M (11) – duration of
activity P (4) = 7
TAKE THE LOWEST which is 7
CALCULATIONS
Ls of activity S = Ls of activity Q (6) – duration of
activity S (3) = 3
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

Project Logic Network Diagram using arrow method

 O o O
 v p n
O u O q O m O

 t s r
 O
 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Activity description b4 aft dur 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1. Cut panels - 2 2 = =
2. Fix panels 1 3 4 = = = =
3. Erect formwork 2,6 7 1 =
4. Cut reinforcement - 5 1 =
5. Bend reinforcement 4 6 2 = =
6. Lay reinforcement 5 3 4 = = = =
7. Lay electrical cables 3 8 1 =
8. Cast concrete 7 - 1 =
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Earliest Start (ES): earliest time possible to start an activity.
ES: ES + Dur of each of the activities which must be
completed before the activity can start.
Earliest Finish (EF): The earliest time possible to finish an
activity
EF: ES+Dur of the activity
Latest Start (LS): The latest time possible to start an activity
without delaying the delivery of a project
LS: LS of each of activities which must immediately succeed
the activity – Duration of the activity.
Latest Finish (LF): The latest time possible to complete an
activity without delaying the delivery of a project.
LF: LS+Duration of the activity
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Float: An amount of time by which an activity can be
delayed without delaying the delivery of a project.
Types of float:
Total Float (TF): LF-ES-Dur or LF-EF
Free Float (FF): Amount of time by which an activity
can be delayed without delaying activities
immediately after.
FF: ES of activities immediately after – EF of the
activity
Interfering Float (IF): Amount of delay or float shared
by an activity and succeeding activities.
IF: TF-FF
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Network Analysis: Advantages:

Shows interrelationship between activities
Shows critical and non-critical activities
Shows float in activities
Ensure effective allocation and use of resources
Can programme large and complex projects
Application of software readily available
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME

Network Analysis: Disadvantages:

Complex and difficult to prepare
Control and updating are difficult
Preparation of resource schedules in chart difficult
Low level of familiarity with techniques and terms
Programming time as obtainable in Bar chart is difficult
 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
Activity Dur Bf Aft ES EF LS LF TF FF IF
A 4 -
B 5 -
C 3 A
D 2 A
E 5 B
F 6 B
G 4 C
H 5 C
I 3 D,E
J 4 F
K 6 F
L 5 G
M 3 H,I,J
N 4 K
O 4 L,M
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Line of Balance:
Used for repetitive work
Principle taken from planning & control of
manufacturing processes
Applied to construction
Housing
Jetty
Pile & Pad foundation
Applied to repetitive construction works
Activities & tasks in each of the units of repetitive
work must be sequential
 PROJECT CONTROL
Measures used to bring a project behind schedule
back on track or schedule
Types:
Proactive: measures taken to avoid delay in a project
Reactive: measures taken after a delay has occurred
 Change in construction methods
 Change in plants and equipment

 Increase in Labour engaged

 Crashing of project activities

 Change in sequence of activities

THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING