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G6 Science

Cells

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27 views

G6 Science

Cells

Uploaded by

ranjan.kvis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

Grade 6

Unit 1
Cells

Prepared by : Tr. Ranjan Rai


2 What are cells?
Cells are the basic unit of all
living things.
All living organism are made
of cells.
3
Cells
One cell
Cells are the basic building blocks of
life.

They are microscopic units that


make up all living organisms.

Cells have a variety of shapes and


sizes depending on their function.
4
Parts of the plant cell
5
Parts of the plant cell
Cell wall: Every plant cell has a cell wall. Cell wall

It's like a tough wall surrounding the cell,


giving it its shape.

This wall is made of a material called


cellulose, which is like the bricks of a
house.

It helps plants stand tall and protects them


from harm.
6
Parts of the plant cell
Cell membrane
Cell membrane: All cells have a cell
membrane.

Cell membrane is very thin and flexible.

It lies along the inner edge of the cell wall.

The cell membrane controls what goes in


and out of the cell.
7
Parts of the plant cell
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: All cells have cytoplasm.

It's this jelly-like substance that


fills up the inside of the cell.

Chemical reactions happens inside


the cytoplasm.

This reactions keeps the cell alive.


8
Parts of the plant cell
Nucleus: most cells have a nucleus.

The nucleus controls everything that


happens in the cell.
Nucleus

You can think of the nucleus as the


cell's commander, keeping everything
in order and making sure everything
runs smoothly.
9
Parts of the plant cell
Sap vacuole
Sap Vacuole: This is a fluid-filled
space inside a plant cell.

The liquid inside is a solution of


sugars and other substances
dissolved in water.

The solution is called cell sap.

The sap vacuole is a storage room


inside a cell.
10
Parts of the plant cell
Chloroplast
Chloroplast: Chloroplasts are like the
kitchen of the cell, where an amazing
process called photosynthesis happens.

Chloroplasts look green because they


contain a green substance called
chlorophyll.

Chloroplasts use sunlight, water, and


carbon dioxide from the air to make food
for the plant, which is called glucose.
11
Parts of the plant cell
Mitochondria
Mitochondria: All plant cells have
mitochondria.

They take in the food we eat and turn it


into energy that the cell can use.

Mitochondria is known as the


powerhouses of the cell, like tiny
batteries keeping everything running
smoothly.
12
Animal cells
Animal cells are the building blocks that make up all living
organisms.

There are approximately 100 trillion cells in our body.

Animal cells are similar to plant cells in several ways.

They have a cell membrane , cytoplasm, mitochondria and a


nucleus.
Parts of the animal cell
13
Similarities between plant cell and animal cell
14

1. Cell Membrane: Both animal and plant cells have a cell


membrane that encloses the cell and controls the movement
of substances in and out of the cell.

2. Cytoplasm: Both contain cytoplasm, the jelly-like


substance that fills the cell and houses organelles.

3. Nucleus: They both have a nucleus that houses the


genetic material (DNA).
Differences between plant cell and animal cell
15
Plant cell Animal cell

1. Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of 1. Animal cells lack a cell wall.
cellulose outside the cell membrane.

2. Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which 2. Animal cells do not contain


are responsible for photosynthesis, the chloroplasts.
process by which plants convert sunlight
into energy.

3. Plant cells typically have one or more 3. Animal cells may have smaller vacuoles
large vacuoles, which store water, ions, or none at all.
and nutrients
16

Specialised cells
17
What are specialised cells?

Specialized cells are cells in our bodies that are


uniquely shaped and designed to do specific jobs.
Some specialised animal cells
18
1. Red blood cells

2. Neurones

3. Ciliated cells
Red blood cells
19
Red blood cells are smaller than most other cells in the body.

This allows them to get through tiny blood capillaries , so they can
deliver oxygen to every part of the body.

The cytoplasm contains a red pigment called haemoglobin.


This carries oxygen around the body.

The cell has no nucleus.

This leaves more space for haemoglobin.


Red blood cell
20

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yVpfSVb05e4
Neurones
21  Neurones carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another.

 They help all the different parts of the body to communicate with each
other.

 For example they can carry signals from the brain to muscles, to makes
the muscles move.

 The axon is a very long strand of cytoplasm.


Electrical signals can travel along this very quickly.

 Dendrites are short strands of cytoplasm that collect electrical signals


from other nearby nerve cells.
Neurones
22

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsMjUvMXxpE
Ciliated cells
23
Ciliated cells have tiny threads along one edge, like microscopic
hairs.

These hairs are called cilia.

The cilia can move.

Ciliated cells is present in the lining of the tubes leading from your
Mouth to your lungs.

Others cells in this lining make a sticky substance called mucus.


Ciliated cells
24 When you breathe the mucus traps dust and bacteria in the air, to
stop them going into your lungs.

The cilia sweep the mucus up to the back of your mouth


and you swallow it.

https://youtu.be/HV4c4pVXihc?si=kfK8KRHBfAje-pgm
Some specialised plant cell.
25
Plants also contain specialised cells.

Some examples are:

1. Root hair cells

2. palisade cells
Root hair cells
26 Root hair cells are found on the outside of plant roots.

Their function is to absorb (soak up) water from the soil.

Each cell has a long thin extension that allow water to move easily from
the soil into the cell.

https://youtu.be/mb82Vkmz6l4?si=HCyXjYg05xIDGMJP
Palisade cells
27
Palisade cells are found in leaves.

Their function is to make food by


photosynthesis.

They have a lot of chloroplasts containing


chlorophyll.

The chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight,


which is used to help plant make food.
28

Cells, tissues and organs


Tissues
29
A group of cells that perform a specific function or
functions in an organism.

Examples include muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and


connective tissue.

Nerve tissue Connective tissue


Muscle tissue
Tissue
30

Onion epithelium Ciliated epithelium


31
Organs

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