AUDIO VISUAL

AIDS

Presented by :-
Mrs. Rekha Pawar
Msc.Nursing Ist Year
 INTRODUCTION:

• Audio visual material must be seen in their relationship to teaching as a

whole and to the learning process as a whole, until the teacher understands
the relationship between audio visual material and teaching learning process.
Audio visual materials are produced, distributed and used as planned
components of educational programs. It helps the process of learning that is
motivation, classification and stimulation. A.v. aids are multisensory
materials which motivate and stimulate the individual. It makes dynamic
learning experience more concrete realistic and clarity. It provides significant
gains in thinking and reasoning
 DEFINITION

• AUDIO VISUAL AIDS ARE ANY DEVICES WHICH CAN BE USED TO MAKE THE
LEANRING EXPERIENCE MORE CONCRETE MORE REALISTIC AND MORE
DYNAMIC.
KINDER S. JAMES
• AUDIO VISUAL AIDS ARE THOSE AIDS WHICH HELP IN COMPLETING THE
TRIANGULAR PROCESS OF LEARNING i.e. Motivation classification and stimulation.
corter v. good
 PRINCIPLES OF AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

• They should be meaningful and purposeful.

• They should be simple.
• They should be accurate in every respect.
• They should be cheep.
• As far as possible they should be improvised.
• They should be larger enough to be properly seen by students.
 PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF AV AIDS

• Improve and make teaching effective.

• Unable the audience to look listening and learn.
• Make learning interesting and profited.
• Posters develop the knowledge.
• Add varsity and new ness to the lesson provide vicarious experience.
• Increase and sustain attention and concentration .
CLASSIFICATION
 AUDIO AIDS

• Radio
• Tape recorder
• Microphone
• Cassete
• Computer
 AUDIO DEVICES

• RADIO:- The most common form of public education and entertainment is radio. The radio
mission serve as a vital agency of mass education if used effectively in the education radio
programs transmitted subject is co related to the syllabus of the study of the target group.
 TAPE RECORDER:
A tape recorder is a portable electronic gadget to record,
reproduce, erase and re record sound on a magnetic tape. This
device can be used without much fuss by any body by operating
the following press buttons attached to the recorder, viz, stop,
play, wind, rewind, record, pause, and eject.

Uses: it is used to learn foreign languages, rhymes, and songs

with clarity. GRAME PHONES Like radio gramophones are also
important teaching devices. Helps to listen to famous speeches
To teach good pronunciation in a foreign
Uses: it is used to learn foreign languages, rhymes, and songs with clarity.
GRAME PHONES like radio gramophones are also important teaching
devices. Helps to listen to famous speeches
To teach good pronunciation in a foreign
VISUAL AIDS
 CHARTS

These visual symbols used for summarizing , comparing contrasting or performing other services
inn explaining subject matter. Chart is combination of pictorial, graphic numerical or vertical
material, which present a clear summary.

• Definition: chart is defined as a visual aid which depicts pictorial and written key information in
systematic way to summarize, compare ex :anatomical charts and figure diagrams etc.
• To visualize an item, it is otherwise difficult to explain only in words.

• To highlight important points.

•  To provide outline for materials covered in presentation.
•  To show continuity in process.
•  For creating problems and stimulating thinking.
•  For showing development of structure.
 FLASH CARDS

Definition:
“Flash cards are a set of pictured paper cards of varying sizes that are flashed one by one in a logical sequence.”
‘’Flash cards can be self made or commercially prepared and are made up of chart or drawing paper, plane paper using
colors or ink on them for drawings.’’
• Purposes:
• 1. To teach the students.
• 2. To give health education.
• 3. Useful for small group.
• 4. Used in group discussions.
 POSTERS
Definition:
“Posters are the graphic aids with short quick and typical messages with attention capturing
paintings.”

Purposes:
• To provide general motivation.
• To create an esthetic or atmospheric effect.
• To communicate a more general idea. To thrust the message for leading to action.
• For the class room and community.
 ADVANTAGES:
• • It attracts attention.
• • It conveys the message very quickly.
• • It does not require a detailed study.
• • Good poster leads to action with good motivation
• • It can stand alone and is self explanatory.
DISADVANTAGE:
Poster does not always give enough information
When a poster is seen for longer time it may not attractive. So it should be dynamic
 CARTOONS

The word cartoon has various meanings, based on several very different forms of visual
art and illustration. The term has evolved over time. The original meaning was in fine art, and there
cartoon meant a preparatory drawing for a piece of art such as a painting.

Definition:
A cartoon is humorous caricature which gives a subtle message.
 ADVANTAGES
• It can be used for making a lesson lively and interesting.
• Fantasy
• Satire

• Exaggeration.
 NEWS PAPERS
• It can furnish health messages in local languages which cancan reach to the
public easily. The information will be available in low cost, easy to read and understand simple
language .the people may learn to read and interpret the contents along with pictures to enhance
easy grasping.
ADVANTAGES
• Best method to reach a large group

 Pictures will help in easy understanding

 Attractive and easy to understand

• Lot of information can be obtained in various fields

 DISADVANTAGES:
 useful for literates only
• detailed information cannot be produces
 FILMSTRIPS
Film strips are sequence of transparent still pictures with
individual frames on 35mm film. A tap recorded narration can be synchronized
with film strip.
Each strip contains from 12 to 18 or more pictures. It is a fixed sequence of related
stills on a roll of 35mm film or 8mm film.
Advantages:
1) Are compact, easily handled and always in proper sequence.
2) Can be supplemented with recordings.
3) Are inexpensive when quantity reproduction is required.
4) Are useful for group or individual study at projection rate are
controlled by instructor or user.
5) Are projected with simple light weight equipment.
 OVER HEAD PROJECTOR
•The overhead projector is used to show your hand-written work
on a screen to be displayed before the learners. For overhead
projectors there are transparency sheets on which you can write
with the help of pens specially meant for writing on the
transparency.
•You can develop many activities by preparing transparencies.
PURPOSES:
To develop concepts and sequences in a subject matter area.
To make marginal notes on the transparencies for the use of
the teacher that can carry with out exposing them to the
class.
To test students performances, while other classmates
observe.
To show relationships by means of transparent overlays in
contrasting colour.
To give the illusion of motion in the transparency.
Advantage;
It permits the teacher to stand in front of the class while using
the projector, thus enabling her to point out features appearing
on the screen by pointing to the materials at the projector it self
and at the same time, to observe the students reactions to her
discussion.
Gains attention of the student
 SLIDE PROJECTOR

A slide is a small piece of transparent material on which a single pictorial image or scene or
graphic image has been photographed or reproduced otherwise.

Slides are a form of projected media that are easy to prepare.

They are still pictures on positive film which you can process and mount individually yourself or
send to a film laboratory. The standard size of the slides is 2 “X 2 “any 35mm camera will make
satisfactory slides.
Requires only filming, processing and mounting by self or
laboratory.

Results in colorful, realistic, reproduction original subject.

Preparation with any 35mm camera for most uses.

Easy to revise and up-date.

May be adapted to group or individual use
 CHALK BOARD

• The most commonly available aid in the classroom situation

is the blackboard. Now since boards are available in many
colours, such as green, white etc., we can call them chalk-
boards. These can be used for writing words and summaries
or drawing pictures, diagrams, maps, etc. They can be used
again and again, as they can be easily cleaned with a duster.
Blackboards have disadvantages:
They produce a fair amount of dust, depending on
the quality of chalk used. Some people find this
uncomfortable or may be allergic to it, and there
has been speculation about links between chalk
dust and respiratory problems. The dust also
precludes the use of chalk in areas shared with
dust-sensitive equipment such as computers.
However, these alternative methods of displaying
information have drawbacks of their own.
The scratching of fingernails on a blackboard is a
sound that is well-known for being extremely
irritating.
 PUPPETS
One of the old and popular arts in Indian villages is
puppetry. Puppetry is an education cum entertaining aid in
which puppets manipulated by the performer is a person
termed as a characters in a story to be depicted.
DEFINITION:
A puppet is a manipulative doll dressed as a character and
the performer is a person termed as a puppeteer. A good
puppeteer has to blend his art with dramatization to produce
the desired effect. It is used as an effective teaching aid for
languages and social sciences.
Advantages:
1) Creates interest
2) Gives the knowledge in a brief period
3) Puppet is an effective method in teaching.
4) Motivate students
5) Easy to carry and operate
Disadvantages
1) Needs group cooperation and coordination
2) Requires skills in preparation and supply3) Skills
needed in presentation
 BULLETIN BOARD
DEFINITION:
It is a soft board which will hold pins or tags almost suitable. Simple device
placed either indoor or outdoor. Items generally displayed are photographs,
publications, posters, news paper cut outs.

ADVANTAGES:
Explains important events Reports special activities

DISADVANTAGES:

Not effective for illiterate group.

Takes lot of preplanning and preparation
 PAMPHLETS
Pamphlets are short printed media on a specific subject for specific target group for example school
children, antenatal mothers etc. It is made up of a single sheet with one, two or more folds and
unfold sheets are leaflets, hand bills, brochures, booklets varying form 8 to 50 pages.
• Purposes:
• Pamphlets can be used for:
• Health education.
• Health campaign, mela and festival.
• IEC and reinforcement activities.
• Teaching purposes for different group.
Limited to literate people.
May not provide adequate information.
Doesn't ensure learning.
 SPECIMEN

Specimens are part of a bigger object. Pieces of bark of a tree,

a cross-section of wood seeds, buds, flowers etc., can be
called specimens. These play an important part in the
instructional programme.
 THE OPAQUE PROJECTOR

Opaque projector is the only projector on which you can project a

variety of materials ex: - book pages, objects, coins, postcards, or
any other similar flat material that is non-transparent.
The opaque projector will project and
simultaneously enlarge, directly from the originals, printed matter,
all kinds of written or pictorial matter in any sequence derived by
the teacher. It requires a dark room, as projector is large and not
reality movables.
Advantages:
• Stimulates attention and arouses interest.
• Can project a wide range of materials like stamps, coins,
specimen, when one copy is available.
 Does not require any written or typed materials, hand-written
material can be used.
• Helps students to retain knowledge for longer period.
• Review instructional problems.
• Test knowledge and ability.
• Simple operation.
• Can be used for enlarging drawings,
pictures and maps.
Disadvantage
Costly equipment.
• Needs to use it with care.
• Needs a dark room for projection.
 MAGNETIC BOARD

It is a framed iron sheet carrying porcelain coating

in some dark color generally black or green. It can
be used to display pictures, cutouts and light
objects with disc magnets or magnetic holders.
Advantages :
Movement of visual material is easy.
 MOULAGE
Mould can be made up of plastic material to stimulate some life in objects. ex:
body which shows evidence of trauma, infection, disease, surgical intervention.
IMAGE PERSPECTIVES' MOULAGE PROCESS
The basic material we use to create our soft tissue injuries is very inexpensive; it
costs only pennies per simulation.
If someone walks off with a simulation it can be recreated in a matter of minutes!
You are not limited to mass-produced latex or plastic "one-size-fits-all injuries".
You determine the type, scope and
Size of the injuries and create as many as you wish, in whatever size you need.
Our simulations can be handled and bandaged, with care, as you would a real
injury. The simulations will not shift and/or be damaged.
The simulations can be made liquid-proof, and with care - reusable!
 MOCK UPS
It emphasizes the functional relationship between the device reality and its
workability. Certain element of the original reality is emphasized to make
it more meaningful for the purpose of instruction.

in common usage, a mockup is a scale model of a structure or device,

usually used for teaching, demonstration, testing a design, etc. Mockups
are also used in the Consumer goods industry, as part of the product
development process, when the size, impression and/or artworks have to
be tested and approved.

Mockup is also a frequently used term when talking about an early layout
or sketch of a Web site or GUI program.
Ex: An artificial kidney to demonstrate dialysis.
 Dioramas:
Definitions:
A diorama is a three dimensional arrangement of related objects, models,
and cut outs to illustrate a central theme or concept.
The objects and models are generally placed in a big box or show case
with a glass covering and background printed with a shade or a scene. Ex:
a harvest scene, a planting scene etc.
Advantages:
• Provide a good opportunity to learn
• It gives the appearance of actual things which can not be brought to
the class room • Interesting and enhance creativity
• Live things also can shown in diorama ex: aquarium
• Provides students to do project works
Disadvantages:
sometimes cost effective
• Needs expatriation for the
preparation
• Require budget
• Sometimes it may misguide the
student if is not the replica of actual
thing.
 MODELS
Definition: a model is a recognizable representation of a real thing three dimensionally, that is height, width, and
depth is felt as reality.

• Advantage:
Models heighten reality of things and make learning direct and meaningful as they are three dimensional.
• Models illustrate the application side of certain principles and laws.
• Models explain the complex and intricate operations in a simplified way and thus make comprehension
easier.
• Models are lasting and ultimately work out to be cheaper teaching aids.
• Still models are easy to make with the help of discarded materials like empty boxes, pins, clips, nails,
and clay.
• Models are to reasonable size and convenient to handle.
• Models involve the use of all the five senses and thus make learning effective.
AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
 TELEVISION
Television is an exciting means of communication. Useful programmes are
being telecast regularly for children. As a teacher you should utilize the
T.V. programmes and make them the basis for discussion. You may give
your learners home assignments also on these programmes. For example,
you may ask them to write the name of the serial/programme, the names of
the main characters and some descriptions about them.
VIRTUAL CLASS ROOM
LCD PROJECTOR
MULTI MEDIA
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
• 1) B.T.Bavantappas “Nursing Education”, first edition, 2003, Jaypee
brothers’ publication, New Delhi.
• 2) Francis M. Quinn’s ”The principles and practice in nursing education”,
third edition, 1997, Stanley thrones publications ltd., United Kingdom.
• 3) Loretta E. Heidgerken’s” Teaching and Learning in Nursing Education”
twelfth impression, 2003, Konark publishers ltd, Delhi.
• 4) KP,Neeraja’s “Text book of Nursing Education” first edition,2003, Jaypee
brothers medical publishers, Delhi, 5) Web site: Adrom audio visual aids.
• 6) WEB : Google search