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Measuring DIversity

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Arden Lo
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10 views

Measuring DIversity

Uploaded by

Arden Lo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MEASURING DIVERSITY

Dr. Arden Peejay L. Ezaki


Asst. Professor II
[email protected]
Community A Community B
SPECIES DIVERSITY

• Often defined as a
combination of the number of
species and their relative
abundance.
DIVERSITY DIVISIONS

• Alpha diversity refers to species richness


• Beta diversity describes the degree of
change in species richness from one habitat
to another.
• Gamma diversity relates to the total regional
species diversity that results from the
number of habitats present.
DIVERSITY DIVISIONS

• Alpha diversity refers to species richness


• Beta diversity describes the degree of
change in species richness from one habitat
to another ~ habitat patchiness
• Gamma diversity relates to the total regional
species diversity that results from the
number of habitats present.
DIVERSITY DIVISIONS

• Alpha diversity refers to species richness


• Beta diversity describes the degree of
change in species richness from one habitat
to another.
• Gamma diversity relates to the total regional
species diversity that results from the
number of habitats present.
NUMBER OF SPECIES

• Species richness
• Method – simply count the number of
different species you observe, regardless of
abundance.
• Therefore, if a species occurs 1 or 100
times, its richness is still 1.
Community A Community B
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE

• Species evenness = assesses the


relative numerical importance of
each species
• the contribution of each species to
the total number of individuals in the
community
RELATIVE ABUNDANCE

• Method – count up the number of each


individual observed or collected and
divide by the total number observed or
collected.
• RA = n/N
• the percent contribution made by each
species to the community
Community A Community B
SIMPSON INDEX

• A measurement that accounts


for the richness and percent
of each species from a
biodiversity sample within a
community.
SIMPSON INDEX

• This index assumes that the


proportion of individuals in an
area indicates their importance to
diversity.
• So, it measures not only diversity
but dominance as well.
SIMPSON INDEX

• Can actually refer to any one of 3


closely related indices.
• Simpson's Index (D) measures the
probability that two individuals randomly
selected from a sample will belong to the
same species
• Ranges between 0 and 1, the lower the
value, the greater the sample diversity
SIMPSON INDEX

• Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 – D


measures the probability that two
individuals randomly selected from a
sample will belong to the same species
• Ranges between 0 and 1, the greater the
value, the greater the sample diversity
SIMPSON INDEX

• Simpson's Reciprocal Index 1 / D


provides the number of equally
common categories (e.g., species) that
will produce the observed Simpson's
index.
• Ranges between 0 and total # species
collected, the higher the value, the greater
the diversity
Species Number (n) n(n-1)

Woodrush 2 2

Holly (seedlings) 8 56

Bramble 1 0

Yorkshire Fog 1 0

Sedge 3 6

Total (N) 15 64
D = 0.3 (Simpson's Index)

OR:
Simpson's Index of Diversity 1 - D = 0.7
Simpson's Reciprocal Index 1 / D = 3.3
SIMPSON INDEX

• Simpson's Index gives more


weight to the more abundant
species in a sample. The addition
of rare species to a sample causes
only small changes in the value
of D
Species Number (n) n(n-1)

Woodrush 2 2

Holly (seedlings) 8 56

Bramble 1 0

Yorkshire Fog 1 0

Sedge 3 6

Total (N) 15 64
SHANNON-WIENER INDEX

• Also been called the Shannon index


and the Shannon-Weaver index.
• Used to compare diversity, doesn’t
give a measure of dominance.
• Similar to Simpson's Index, this
measure takes into account species
richness and proportion of each
species within a community.
H' = -Σ{ pi*ln(pi)}

where H = Information content of sample, Index of species


diversity, or Degree of Uncertainty, s = Number of species pi
= Proportion of total sample belonging to ith species

IN EXCEL = LN (pi) will give you the natural log


Species
Name # Found Pi Pi 2 Pi ln[P i ] Measure Value
Species 1 40 0.2 0.04 -0.322 S 5
Species 2 40 0.2 0.04 -0.322 D 0.2
Species 3 40 0.2 0.04 -0.322 1-D 0.8
Species 4 40 0.2 0.04 -0.322 1/D 5
Species 5 40 0.2 0.04 -0.322 H 1.609
Totals 200 1

Species
Name # Found Pi Pi 2 Pi ln[P i ] Measure Value
Species 1 1 0.005 0 -0.026 S 5
Species 2 1 0.005 0 -0.026 D 0.96
Species 3 196 0.98 0.961 -0.02 1-D 0.04
Species 4 1 0.005 0 -0.026 1/D 1.041
Species 5 1 0.005 0 -0.026 H 0.126
Totals 200 1
SHANNON-WIENER INDEX

• Unlike the Simpson index, H is


interpreted that the higher the
score the more diverse.
WHAT DOES DIVERSITY TELL US?

• Comparison purposes
• Recovery purposes
• Community interaction
• Community summary

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