VALVES

PRESENTED BY:
VISHNU RAJ R
S3 B
WHAT ARE VALVES ?

 In the simplest terms, a valve is a device used to control the flow of

a medium — liquid, gas or solid — through a piping system. Most
commonly, valves are used to stop and start the flow of media.
 Because there are so many different uses for valves, they are
available in a wide range of mechanical variations. Using the
appropriate valve in a given scenario means your application will
run smoothly and safely, accomplishing the intended goal most
efficiently.
 CLASSIFICATION OF VALVES

Though there are many different valve classifications, most valves fall within three categories: rotary, linear and self-
actuated.

Rotary
Rotary valves utilize a rotating closure component to
block flow within a piping system. Most often, this
rotation is limited to 90 degrees, which is why rotary
valves are also commonly referred to as quarter-turn
valves. These types of valves are closed at 0 degrees
and open at 90 degrees.
1.Ball Valves
 Ball valves can be used in most
applications where a fluid flow needs to
be shut off. In fact, they are the most
widely used process control valve.
 These rotary valves use ported spheres
that swivel in the pipe stream, working
to start or stop flow.
 Since the valve’s port can be fitted
precisely to match the pipe’s diameter,
ball valves offer low head loss. Ball
valves may be more expensive than
other rotary valve options, but they offer
better sealing than types.
2.BUTTERFLY
VALVE
• Butterfly valves work using a center-
mounted, disc-shaped obstructer that
.
sways in and out of the piping system’s
flow.
• These quarter-turn valves are frequently
used with larger pipe sizes and in
wastewater plants, power plants and
other process plants where shut-off,
regulation, and isolation are called for.
• Advantages of using butterfly valves
include lower cost and smaller size.
However, these common valve types are
more vulnerable to leaks and head losses
than ball valves and may not work as
well against high-pressure flows.
3.PLUG VALVE
• Plug valves obstruct or allow flow via
a tapered cylinder that swings into or
out of the flow stream. There are two
main types of plug valves: lubricated
and unlubricated.
• This type of rotary valve is frequently
used for shut-off and as a control
valve for chemical processing
industries, processing plants and
wastewater treatment facilities.
• Plug valves may be favored for their
lack of voids and cavities, and their
ability to be adjusted for leaks that
develop over the long term
 LINEAR

 Linear valves use a flow obstructer — such as a disc, slat or diaphragm — that moves in a straight
line to start, stop or adjust flow through a piping system.
 These valves can be separated into two distinct types: rising stem (multi-turn) and axial.
 Multi-turn linear valves work particularly well in control applications and include globe valves,
gate valves and needle valves.
 Axial valves, such as coaxial and angle seat valves, are fast-acting and used primarily in on/off
process applications.
 Compared to other categories of valves, linear motion valves tend to have longer cycle times than
rotary valves.
1.GLOBE VALVE
• Globe valves work by using a globe-
shaped disc to block flow when
closed against a restriction orifice.
• These multi-turn valves are
commonly used in on/off and
throttling applications. Globe valves
can seal both against or with fluid
flow.
• Two-way globe valves are
recommended for precision, while 3-
way globe valves are suitable for
combining media from two inlet ports
and sending the resulting mixture
through an outlet port.
• Globe valves are frequently used in
wastewater plants and food
processing services.
2.GATE VALVE
• Gate valves are multi-turn valves
commonly used to block flow streams
and occasionally (and sometimes
ineffectively) for throttling.
• This multi-turn valve type utilizes a
plate-like barrier to block a flow
stream.
• Gate valves offer lower head losses
when open compared to other valve
types. Although their operation is
comparable to globe valves, gate valves
offer less flow restriction and regulation
capabilities.
3.NEEDLE VALVE
• Needle valves closely resemble
globe valves aside from several key
factors. First, they are smaller than
globe valves and allow for more
precise flow control within smaller
systems.
• Additionally, they consist of a cone-
shaped needle — as opposed to a
disc-shaped plug — that moves into
and out of an orifice to start and stop
flow.
• Needle valves offer a precise way of
modifying fluid flow through a
system. They can be used for on/on
applications but may not be the best
option in such instances, as they
require many turns in order to close.
 SELF-ACTUATED
 Unlike linear and rotary valves, self-actuated valves do not require direct input from the operator.
Instead, they use the pressure within the process line to open or close a pressure control valve.
 This valve type is commonly used as a pressure relief valve and only opens once maximum
allowable pressure is reached within the system.
 As a result of this mechanism, self-actuated valves are common safety requirements in certain
applications.
 Common self-actuated valves include relief valves, safety valves, check valves and steam traps.
RELIEF VAVLE
CHECK VALVE
THANK YOU