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Culture and Society As Anthropological and Sociological Concepts

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13 views

Culture and Society As Anthropological and Sociological Concepts

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jayannbacanto15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CULTURE AND SOCIETY

AS ANTHROPOLOGICAL
AND SOCIOLOGICAL
CONCEPTS
“Culture is the process by which person becomes
all that they were created capable of being “
-Thomas Carlyle
There are different ways of defining culture and society.
Each definition is always sociated with man’s relationship
to his environment. Hence, man’s social interaction serves
as an avenue for creating patterns of behavior that will
guide the members of society to live in an organized and
orderly manner. Society, in this context, refers to a group
of people sharing a common culture within a defined
territorial boundaries. Likewise, every human society is
organized in such a way that there are rules of conduct,
customs, traditions , folkways and mores, and expectations
that ensure appropriate behavior among members
WHAT IS
CULTURE ?
Working Language Medical
schedules
Cure
Clothes and
Dressing
Religion

Manners CULTURE
Language
Jokes

Food
Celebrations
Folk Art
Culture is a composite or multifarious areas that
comprise beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws,
norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and
everything that a person learns and shares as a
member of society. Therefore, cullture is:
• A product of human interaction.
• A social heritage that is complex and
socially transmitted
• Provides socially acceptable pattems for
• meeting
biological and social needs.
• A distinguishing factor
• An established pattern of behavior
• Cumulative
• Meaningful to human beings
TYPES OF CULTURE

Culture is composed of material and non-


material elements, Material culture
consist of tangible things whereas
nonmaterial elements consist of
intangible things (Banaag, 2012 p. 48)
NON-MATERIAL MATERIAL CULTURE
CULTURE
• Technological
• Ideas Tools
• Behavior, gestures and • Food
habits • Architectural
• Religion Structures
• Language and Symbols • Fashion and
Accessories
ELEMENTS OF CUTURE

To understand culture, it is necessary to understand the


different elements that compose it:

Knowledge >> It refers to any information received and


perceived to be true.

Beliefs >> The perception of accepted reality.


>>Reality refers to the existence of things whether
material or nonmaterial
Social Norms >> These are
established expectations of
society as to how a person is
supposed to act depending on the
requirements of the time, place,
or situation.
Indeed, social norms are very important in
understanding the nature of man's social
relationship. In the social interaction process, each
member possesses certain expectations about the
responses and reactions of another member
(Palispis, 2007p. 44). Hence, it is very essential to
determine the different forms of social norms:
FOIKWAYS >> The patterns of repetitive behavior which
becomes habitual and conventional part of living.

MORES>> The set of ethical standards and moral obligations


as dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts as right or
wrong or good from bad.

VALUES> >Anything held to be relatively worthy important,


desirable, or valuable .

TECHNOLOY>>The practical application of knowledge in


converting raw materials into finished products.
ASPECTS OF CULTURE
Since culture is very complex, there are important aspects of
culture that contribute to the development of man's social
interaction.

• Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive


• Shared and contested
• Learned through socialization or enculturation
• Patterned social interactions
• Integrated and at times unstable
• Transmitted through socialization
• Requires language and other forms of communication
ETHNOCENTRISM AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM

As mentioned by Dean Champion and his associates, "the range of


variations be- tween culture is almost endless and yet at the same
time cultures ensemble one another in many important ways".
Somehow, cultural variation is affected by man's geographical set-
up and social experiences. Cultural variation refers to the
differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit
around the world. What may be considered good etiquette in one
culture may be considered bad etiquette in another (www.ask.com).
Like so, there are two important perceptions on cultural variability
namely ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.
Ethnocentrism >> It is a perception that arises from the
fact that cultures, differ and each culture defines reality
differently.
>> Judging another culture solely by the
values S and standards of one's own culture.

Cultural Relativism >> The attempt to judge behavior


according to its cultural context.
>> The principle that an individual
person's beliefs and activities should be understood by
others in terms of that individual's own culture
THANK YOU

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