Lab 1
Lab 1
Bahiya Osrah
Introduction to Clinical Laboratories
• Diagnosis begins with physical examination by
a doctor
• Diagnostic tests are important steps to
confirm a suspected diagnosis
The functional components of the clinical
Laboratory
• 1) Clinical pathology
• 2) Hematology
• 3) Clinical biochemistry
• 4) Clinical microbiology
• 5) Serology
• 6) Blood bank
• 7) Histology and cytology
Clinical biochemistry
• Clotting factors
Blood serum:
Light Blue Sodium Citrate Ca+2 chelating agent - PT: Prothrombin Time
- PTT: Partial
Thromboplastin Time
( in case of
unexplained bleeding
and liver disease)
Fibrinogen Fibrin
Heparin
Top Color Additives Principle Uses
Black Sodium Citrate Ca+2 chelating ESR ( Erythrocyte Sedimentation
agent Rate)
to test how much inflammation in
the patient, unexplained fever,
Arthritis, Autoimmune Disorder
Gray -Sodium Fluoride Glycolysis Glucose tests
inhibitor
-Potassium Oxalate Anti-Coagulant
Royal Blue Heparin Anti-Coagulant Toxicology
Na-EDTA Tube should not Trace Elements and metals
be
contaminated
with metals
Yellow ACD ( Acid-Citrate Anti-Coagulant DNA Studies
Dextrose) Paternity Test
HLA Tissue Typing
(Human Leukocyte Antigen)
The body used this protein to
differentiate the self-cells from non-
self cells
Serum Separating Tubes (SST)
Top Tubes Additives Principle Uses
Red ------ Enhancing the Serology
Sometimes it has formation of blood -Antibodies
gel or silicon at the clot -Hormones
bottom of tube to -Drugs
reduce hemolysis Virology
Chemistry
Blood cross
matching before
blood transfusion
Gold ------- Serum separating Serology
It has gel at the from the blood Chemistry
bottom of the tube through the gel in
to separate serum the tube
from the blood