Haimo Superuser Training Module

General Multiphase Flow

Measurement Technology

By: Junjie YE

June, 2009

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Contents

 Multiphase Flow Measurement Industry Background

 General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

 Technical Characteristics of Mainstream MPFMs

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MPFM Development History – Background (1)

Traditional Test Separator MPFM without Separation

– Measurement of complex – Real time and Reliable Data
– Bulky
– Capex & Opex Saving
– Expensive in Capex & OPexp
– Improve Reservoir Management

Multiphase flow measurement technology has been

listed as one of the key technologies to determine the
future success of oil and gas industry

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MPFM Development History – Background (2)

Multiphase flow is a complex multi-variable random process,

multiphase flow measurement technology has long been recognized
as a world-wide technical difficulty/issue/ problem

“International Multiphase Flow Technology Development”

(China Petroleum University, 1994)

– Up to October 1994, at least 18 public research projects

world-wide are ongoing, each costing an average of millions of
dollars.

– New research projects continue to emerge.

– Almost all the measurement methods that may be used for the
measurement of the multiphase flow are studied
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MPFM Development History – Background (3)

IFP(Institut Francais Du Petrole) 3 years’ comparative study:

The optimum combination of Cross Correlation, Venturi and
Gamma Ray would be the best hope of successful multiphase flow
meters.
(At present almost all the successful commercialized multiphase
flow meters are using gamma ray measurement technology.)

Multiphase flow meters commercial applications began early this

century, and it has now developed into the preferred measurement
technology for new oil and gas field development

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MPFM Development History – Development (1)

 In the 1990s new technology research launched

 Technology improved and matured over the past 10 years

 About 10 applications in the 1990s to the present more than

2,000 applications

 Manufacturers: from dozens to five, six

 The international mainstream multiphase flow meter vendors

– Haimo (China)
– Schlumberger (France)
– Roxar (Norway)
– Agar (United States)

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MPFM Development History – Development (2)

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MPFM Development History- Measurement Philosophy

 Production is multiphase flow:

Crude Oil + Produced Water + Natural Gas + Impurity Content ( Sand, etc. )
 Solution of multiphase flow measuring
1, Single phase measurement based on total separation
-- Conventional Test Separator

2, Multiphase metering
-- Non-separation measuring
a. Individual phase direct measurement, ideal solution
-- NMR technologies ( next generation MPFM )
b. Gross flow measurement + phase fraction
-- IFP(Institut Francais Du Petrole) research (3 years):
Cross Correlation, Venturi + Gamma Ray
-- Calculation for individual phase rate ( Math limitation for the accuracy of less
phase rate )

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MPFM Development History -Challenges

 Technical challenges
– One meter type is highly unlikely to give the best performance
for all parts of multiphase flow envelope
– Key factors influencing MPFM performance: flow regimes,
installation geometry, flow rates and velocities , mixture
composition, fluid properties, and process conditions etc.

 Commercial challenges
– Cost effectiveness is one of the most important reasons for
choosing a multiphase meter so that one major objective is to
design a low cost system

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Why Customers Need a MPFM?

 What customers need is nothing but Quality

Data. The clients’ requirement of a
multiphase meter is to know how much of
hydrocarbon they are actually producing from MB’s CTS Haimo’s
each single well in order to either manage the MPFM
reservoir, or optimize the production, or
enhance the oil recovery. This is why we as a Weight 20 tons 1-2 tons
multiphase metering solution provider exist.
Crew 10 operators 2 operaors
 Customers used to use conventional test
separators to do the well testing, which was
very bulky and expensive.
Time 5 days 1 day
 Multiphase flow meter is a revolutionary in-
line instrument which measures the oil, gas, Day-rate $10,000 $5,000
and water flow rates without the need to
separate the multiphase flow into individual
phases. Well test $50,000 $5,000
Cost
 In short, multiphase flow meter is a cost
effective replacement of conventional test
separator.
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Why Customers Need a MPFM?-Fixed or Mobile

 Typical oilfield applications

– Reservoir management
– Production optimization
– Production facility monitoring
– Production Metering
– Bulk metering
– Allocation metering
– Exploration well testing
– Appraisal well testing
– Clean-up test

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Why Customers Need a MPFM?- Conventional Test
Separator

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Why Customers Need a MPFM ?- Conventional Test
Separator

Forgood separation, we need Residence time - Separation by

gravity takes time and is also depend on vessel size

Gas separates easily from liquids but liquids can be problematic

In2 phase separator – single phase meters like turbines cannot

really cope well with oil-water mix

In3 phase separator – the inability to separate the liquid phases

fully results in water in the oil leg and vice versa

WIO is cyclic and not constant

Foam and emulsions present problems to this technology

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Why Customers Need a MPFM ?- Conventional Test
Separator Performance

Generally the separator performance is a function of

- Good separation – a function of size, heat and chemicals

- Meter sizing and maintenance

- Steady and non slugging flows

- No foam

- No emulsions

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Why Customers Need a MPFM ? - Haimo Multiphase
Flow Meter

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Why Customers Need a MPFM ? - Haimo Multiphase
Flow Meter

A new solution for metering

 An innovative tool to provide accurate

multiphase flow measurements
 A key element for hydrocarbon
production and cost effective field
development

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Why Customers Need a MPFM ? -MPFM Advantages
Vs Test Separator (1)

 Equal to better Accuracy =<10% in wider operating envelope

 Easier to install in remote applications
 Easier to operate
 Inexpensive -- Less Capex
 Lighter in weight and smaller in size/footprint
-- Key factor in offshore applications
 No separation required – Independence of foam and emulsion etc.
 Less maintenance -- Less Opex
 Continuous monitoring of the instantaneous changes in the well
behaviour, allows to do better reservoir management

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Why Customers Need a MPFM ? -MPFM Advantages
Vs Test Separator (2)

 Replaces complicated rig up

 Greater Mobility
 Reduced testing time
 Zero flaring
 Avoid foam and hydrate problems
 Low pressure loss across meter
 Ideal for remote locations
 High working pressure of up to 350 bars ( 5000 psi )
 All type of flow regime models

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Three Standards for MPFM Commercialization
Judgement
 Whether tested and assessed by authorized third-party in multiphase
flow test facility
– British National Engineering Laboratory (NEL)
– Daqing Oilfield Construction Design and Research Institute ( DOD ), Daqing, China

 Whether pass impartial, independent industrial field comparison tests

– Good condition separator or tank
– Series connection test

 Whether undergo a long process and batch of industrial tests and

ultimately shape into a commercial-scale sale
– A batch of multiphase flow meters for long-term operation
– A variety of different oil flow conditions
– Accepted by a number of end-users / repeat bulk orders from multiple clients
– Effective application of a large-scale

V2.1
Contents

 Multiphase Flow Measurement Industry Background

 General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

 Technical Characteristics of Mainstream MPFMs

V2.1
General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

1, Single phase measurement based on total separation

-- Conventional Test Separator

2, Multiphase metering
-- Non-separation measuring
a. Individual phase direct measurement, ideal solution
-- NMR technologies ( next generation MPFM )

b. Gross flow measurement + phase fraction

-- IFP(Institut Francais Du Petrole) research (3 years):
Cross Correlation, Venturi + Gamma Ray
-- Calculation for individual phase rate ( Math limitation
for the accuracy of less phase rate )

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General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

 Multiphase flow technology roadmap

– Total flow measurement (flow restriction measurement,
PD)
– Phase Fraction Measurement
– Velocity Measurement (cross correlation)

 MPFM type
– Separation type (GLCC, not multiphase flow measurement)
– Partial Separation
– Separation in sample line
– No separation

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Multiphase Flow Horizontal Flow Pattern

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Multiphase Flow Vertical Flow Pattern

• Mist Flow M is t f lo w

• Annular Flow
• Churn Flow A n n u la r flow

• Slug Flow
• Bubble Flow C h u r n flo w

S lu g flo w

B u b b le flo w

No ga s

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General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

Separation (Conventional)

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General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

Partial Separation (MPFM+ wet gas)

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General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

Separation in sample line (sample for WLR)

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General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

No Separation (with mixture)

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Flowrate(Velocity) Measurement Solution

 Cross correlation
 PD Meter
 Coriolis Mass Flow Meter
• Differential Pressure Measurement

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Flowrate(Velocity) Measurement Solution

1. Cross correlation
Sensors (radioactive, microwave or electrical signals)
Frequency
Distance
Velocity

Limitation: unreliable when fluid state uniform and stable

Used in the early stage of MPFM development

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Flowrate(Velocity) Measurement Solution

2. PD meter
Vanes/Gears/Pistons/Diaphragms
Volumetric total flow rate
Pressure measurement, less slippery effect

Disadvantages
Rotatable parts, speed, lifetime
Impurity plug
Difficult to be used for high operating pressure
Costly
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Flowrate(Velocity) Measurement Solution

3. Coriolis Mass Flow Meter

Pure Liquid or High Pressurized Pure Gas
High Accuracy
Wide Measurement Range
Measure Fluid Density and Water Liquid Ratio

Impacts
Oil and Water Density Change
Liquid Carryover and Gas Carryover
Scaling, Paraffin Deposit

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Flowrate(Velocity) Measurement Solution

4. Differential Pressure Measurement

Throttling Element – Differential Pressure
Orifice/Nozzle/Venturi/Cone-shape/Wedge/

Standard Orifice, Nozzles, Classical Venturi ISO5167

General Format
Qm  KCEd 2
P

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 Flowrate(Velocity) Measurement Solution

Advantages of Venturi
• Simple Structure, Repeatability/Reliability
• Application of mature experience
• Wide measurement range
• Less pressure loss
• Wide used in multiphase flow and wet gas measurement

Disadvantages of Venturi
• Reynolds Number limitation
• Dependent on fluid mixture density

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Phase Fraction Measurement Solutions

 Gamma Ray Methods

 Electrical Impedance Methods
(capacitance/conductance)
 Microwave Technology
 Venturi Method

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Phase Fraction Measurement Solutions

1. Gamma Ray Method

Theory:
Different attenuation to gamma ray of different phases

Advantages ：
• Independent of emulsion
• Measurement over full range of phase fractions
• One gamma ray energy can determine fractions of 2 phases
• Two gamma ray energy can determine fractions of 3 phases

Mainstream technology

Protection
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Phase Fraction Measurement Solutions

2. Electrical Impedance Methods

Theory:
Different Permittivity and Conductivity of oil, water and gas

Methods ：
• Capacitance (oil continuous)
• Voltage drop (water continuous)
• Microwave

Impacts
 Phase Transformation (water continuous, oil continuous)
 Emulsion, composition, concentration
 Salinity

V2.1
Contents

 Multiphase Flow Measurement Industry Background

 General Multiphase Flow Measurement Solutions

 Technical Characteristics of Mainstream MPFMs

V2.1
 Mainstream MPFMs - Haimo

WLR

Total Flow Rate

GVF

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Mainstream MPFMs - Haimo

Structure and Theory

1. Venturi/Single gamma sensor/Dual gamma sensor

2. Venturi for total flow rate measurement
3. Single gamma sensor for GVF
4. Dual gamma sensor for WLR
5. Slip law
6. Temperature and Pressure transmitter for PVT

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Comparison with Competitors

Comparison with gamma ray technology from competitors:

 Lowest gamma ray energy in MPFM market
 WLR no dependent on GVF thanks to flow conditioner technology ( no funnel effect )
 Easy calibration on site, only one for all sensors (both venturi and dual) *
Comparison with impedance technology from competitors:
 No sensitive to continuous phase change
 No flow regime dependent ( no problem with emulsions )
General comparison with competitors:
 Non intrusive technology and no moving parts ( low maintenance )
 Wide operating envelope ( 2 venturi in 1 skid with 2 inch and 3 inch legs, no
recalibration )
 Interface with PVTsim ( CALSEP ) software for PVT calculations *
 Real time data at standard conditions
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

DISCUSSION AS REQUIRED.

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