Scribd
Upload
50 views11 pages

Words, Sentences and Dictionaries - Group 1

morphology

Uploaded by

Ahmad Jailani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views11 pages

Words, Sentences and Dictionaries - Group 1

morphology

Uploaded by

Ahmad Jailani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Word,

Sentences &
Dictionaries
Present
Group 1
Name :

● Rosalia Afriani

● Muhammad Rozan Elfidel

● Muhammad Alfatillah
Definition of Word, Sentence & Dictionary
Word Sentence Dictionary

A word is the smallest unit of A sentence is a group of words that


language that carries meaning. expresses a complete thought or A dictionary is a reference book,
idea. online resource, or software that
contains an alphabetical list of
words along with their meanings,
It represents a concept and is
pronunciations, and sometimes
typically composed of one or more It typically includes a subject additional information such as
letters. (who or what the sentence is etymology, usage, and examples.
about) and a predicate (what the
subject is doing or what is
happening).
Words can be combined to form
It serves as a guide to the
sentences and convey information.
meanings and often the correct
usage of words in a language.
Sentences are the basic building
blocks of communication and can
vary in length and complexity.
Words, Sentences & Dictionaries

Words as meaningful building-blocks of language

Words as types and words as tokens

Words with predictable meanings

Non-words with unpredictable meanings

Conclusion: words versus lexical items


Words as meaningful building-blocks of language
Words as meaningful building-blocks that means a words can be merge into the sentences as a building-
blocks. We think of words as the basic units of language, but in fact that is not to say that a sentence must
always consist of more than one word.
We often think that a sentence must always consist of more than one word. However, it’s the fact that we
sometime use a word to express warning shout, conventional commands, item on shopping lists.
example:
• "Fire!" • “Action!”
• “Listen!” • “cheese!”
• “Go!” • “fish”
• “Look!”
•(That“Camera!”
example mean sometimes one word can describe a sentence, it mean a word can be classified in a
various ways)
Words as Types and Word as Tokens
Token having a reference of individual occurrence of a type of the words.
Example:
Mary goes to Edinburgh next week, and she intends going to Washington next month. The same word in
that sentence (to and next) are distinct token of a single type.

In much the same way, one can say that two performance of the same tune, or two copies of the same
book, are distinct tokens of one type. The type-token distinction is relevant to the notion "word" in this
way. Sentences may be said to be composed of word-tokens, but it is clearly not word-tokens that are
listed in dictionaries. It would be absurd to suggest that each occurrence of the word next in sentence
merits a separate dictionary entry.
Words with predictable meanings

sometimes, words has meanings that are predictable. that is meanings that can be worked out on the
basic of the sounds and make them up. Onomatopoeic words are some words whose sound seems to
reflect their meaning fairly directly, such as: bow-wow, miaow, and cock-a-doodle-doo. another example,
s/- seems to reflect it's meaning (slip, slide, slop, slurp) are called as sound symbolism. So, easier to
predict a sound symbolism meaning than the real word.
Example: Limerence
Sentence: "Sarah felt a deep limerence towards her coworker, often daydreaming about romantic
scenarios that might never happen”.
Limerence is a state of mind caused by romantic feelings for someone. It often includes obsessive
thoughts, sadness, or worries about the person, along with a strong desire to start or keep a relationship
and have those feelings returned.
Non-words with unpredictable meanings
Example:
1) People who do not finish a job really make me angry.
2) People who do not finish a job really make me see red.
• “see red” in sentence (2) means “angry”.
Thus, although “see red” consists of two words, it functions as a single unit and its meaning is not
predictable. In technical terms, “see red” is an idiom.
Idioms are enormously various in length, structure and function. “See red” behaves rather like an
adjective. Many idioms behave more like nouns.
For example:
(3) Vaccinations are an unavoidable matter if you want to travel.
(4) Vaccinations are a necessary evil if you want to travel.
In most of the idioms that we have looked at so far, all the individual words (red, necessary, evil) have a
literal or non-idiomatic meaning in other contexts. there are also words that never occur except in an
idiomatic context.
For example:
- I like everything about summer - the light, the warmth, the clothes - the whole caboodle.
Akin to idioms, but distinguishable from them, are phrases in which individual words have collocationally
restricted meanings.

For example:

• blue baby: a baby born with slightly blue skin, usually because it has something wrong with its heart.
• blue – blooded: describes someone who has been born into a family which belongs to the highest
social class.
• blue – collar: describes people who do work needing strength or physical skill rather than office work.

These phrases may count as idiomatic because the meaning that “blue” has in them is not its usual
meaning.
A proverb is a traditional saying, syntactically a sentence, whose conventional interpretation differs from
what is suggested by the literal meaning of the words it contains.
Example:

• “Two wrongs don’t make a right”: When someone has done something bad to you, trying to get
revenge will only make things worse.
• "The pen is mightier than the sword”: Trying to convince people with ideas and words is more effective
than trying to force people to do what you want.
• "No man is an island”: You can't live completely independently. Everyone needs help from other
people.

What is important about proverbs is that they constitute a further example of a linguistic unit whose use
and meaning are in some degree unpredictable, but which is larger than a word.
Conclusion: words versus lexical items
Words have 2 characteristics:

• They have meanings that are unpredictable and so must be listed in dictionaries (lexical item)
• They are the building-blocks for word and phrases.

Although this may be broadly true, the two characteristic do not always go together.

 Although many words have meanings that are predictable, there is nevertheless a tendency for these
meaning to lose motivation overtime.
 Many of the lexical items that are phrases or sentences have meanings which can be seen as
metaphorical extensions of a literal meaning, so do that extant interpretation remains motivated.
Thank You
Byee Byee

You might also like