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1.introduction To Ipc CSSC

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1.introduction To Ipc CSSC

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dannymenard83
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© © All Rights Reserved
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INTRODUCTION TO IPC

Learning Outcomes
By the end of this session participants are expected to be able to:-
• Define the terms related to IPC
• Explain the goal and objectives of IPC in healthcare services
• Describe the situation analysis of IPC in Tanzania
• Describe Healthcare Associated Infections
• Explain infectious disease transmission cycle
• Describe principles of practicing Standard Precautions
Definition of the term IPC

What is
Infection
prevention
and Control?
Definition of Infection Prevention
and Control
• IPC is a scientific approach and practical solution designed to
prevent harm caused by infection to patients and health
workers
oInfection control prevents or stops the spread of
infections in healthcare settings

oIt is grounded in infectious diseases, epidemiology,


social sciences and health system strengthening
Goal of IPC in healthcare services

The overall goal of IPC is to achieve safe, effective healthcare


practices at all levels of the health care facilities
Objectives of IPC (1/2)

What are the


objectives of
IPC in
healthcare
services ?
Objectives of IPC (2/2)
IPC in healthcare facilities has four primary objectives:
• Protect health care workers from occupational
infections

• Protect patients /clients from healthcare associated


infections
• Protect communities from infectious diseases
• Prevent the environment from pollution
Situation analysis of IPC in Tanzania
• Situation analysis done revealed the following:
oLack of guidelines and standards for certain
procedures
oInadequate knowledge and skills among healthcare
service providers
oDeficiency of equipment and materials
oInadequate supportive supervision, Mentoring and
Coaching at all levels of healthcare service delivery
Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)

What are the


types and
risks of HAI
Health care Associated Infections (HAIs)
(1/4)
Definition:

• HAIs refer to infections associated with the delivery of care in


healthcare settings
Health care Associated Infections (HAIs)
(2/4)
• HAIs contribution to the Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) in the
country and internationally at large and may result in

oProlonged duration of hospital stays

oAdditional diagnostic and therapeutic interventions which


generate added costs

oSignificant illnesses and deaths (morbidity and mortality)


Health care Associated Infections (HAIs)
3/4
• Risk factors for HAIs
oPatient characteristics, (for example. age, underlying
conditions that may compromise the immune system)
oThe use of invasive medical devices, (for example
catheters and breathing tubes)
oComplications from surgical procedures

oOveruse of antibiotics
• Infectious Disease Transmission
Cycle
Definition of Infection transmission cycle
• Transmission cycle of disease is the passage of pathogens
from one host to another through repeated cycle

• The successful spread of infections requires existence of


favorable conditions e.g. infected host, environment,
susceptible person or animal and finally develop or multiply in
the newly infected host
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle
(1/7)
What are the
components of
disease
transmission cycle
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle
(2/7)
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle
(3/7)
• Infectious agent
o The micro-organisms that can cause infection or
disease, e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites

• Reservoir
o Place where organisms grow and multiply; people,
water and solutions, instruments and other items,
equipment, soil and air
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle
(4/7)
• Portal of entry
o Where the infectious agents get into a susceptible
host; broken skin, puncture wound, surgical site,
mucous membranes

• Susceptible host
o Any person who is liable to be infected;
clients/patients, service providers and auxiliary staff,
community members
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle (5/7)

Modes of Transmission
There are several ways in which diseases can be transmitted:

• Direct
oContact e.g. Hemorrhagic fever virus, enteric
pathogens, HBV, HIV (blood)
oDroplet e.g. Influenza and Rubella viruses, Diphtheria
oAirborne e.g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Chicken
pox and Measles
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle
(6/7)
• Indirect
oFecal oral - Common vehicle e.g. (food, water) e.g.
Salmonella, Cholera or diarrhoea
oVector borne e.g. malaria, dengue fever
Infectious Disease Transmission Cycle
(7/7)
• Portal of exit
Where the infectious agents get out of the host e.g.
respiratory, genitourinary, vascular systems, GIT, skin,
mucous membranes, placenta
Components of Standard Precautions
(1/5)
What are the
principles of
standard
precaution?
Components of Standard Precautions
(2/5)
1. Consider every person (patient/clients or staff) as potentially
infectious and susceptible to infection

2. Use appropriate hand hygiene techniques including; routine


hand washing, hand antisepsis, antiseptic hand rub and
surgical hand scrub
Components of Standard Precautions
(3/5)
3. Wear personal protective equipment which include: boots,
aprons, gowns, gloves, masks, protective eyewear and caps

4. Appropriately handle sharps, patient care and resuscitation


equipment and appropriately manage patient placement and
environmental cleaning
• Not recap needles
Components of Standard Precautions
(4/5)
5. Safely dispose of infectious waste materials to protect those who
handle them and prevent injury or spread to the community

6. Promptly and carefully clean up spills of blood and other body


fluids after the spill event

7. Process instruments by cleaning, and sterilization or high-level


disinfection following recommended procedures
Components of Standard Precautions
(5/5)
8. Introduce cough etiquette to patients, caregivers and visitors
with signs and symptoms of respiratory illness, including
cough, congestion, rhinorrhoea, or increased production of
respiratory secretions

9. Triage technique should be applied to isolate patients and


clients with respiratory problems
References

Gerland, M. A., & Graham-Glover, B. S. (2018). Infection Prevention and


control. Baltimore, MD21231-3492, USA: Jhpiego Corporation
MOHCDGEC. (2018). National Infection Prevention and Control guideline
for Health Care Services in Tanzania. Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania:
MOHCDGEC
MOHSW. (2009). Quality Improvement- Infection Prevention and Control
Orientation Guide for Participants. Dar Es Salaam: MOHSW
WHO, (2009).
(https://www.who.int/gpsc/5may/Hand_Hygiene_Why_How_and_When_Bro
chure.pdf, as it was accessed on 24 July, 2019)
MoHCDGEC (2018). Standard Operating Procedures for infection
prevention and Control for ebola virus disease cases

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