POPULATION PROPORTION

Objectives
A IDENTIFY POINT ESTIMATOR FOR
THE POPULATION PROPORTION

COMPUTE FOR THE POINT ESTIMATE

B OF THE POPULATION PROPORTION

IDENTIFY THE APPROPRIATE FORM OF THE

CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ESTIMATION FOR THE
C POPULATION PROPORTION BASED ON CEN-
TRAL LIMIT THEOREM
 Objectives
COMPUTE FOR THE CONFIDENCE IN-
D TERVAL ESTIMATE OF THE POPULA-
TION PROPORTION

SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING CONFI-

E DENCE INTERVAL ESTIMATION OF THE
POPULATION PROPORTION

DRAW CONCLUSION ABOUT THE POP-

F ULATION PROPORTION USING HY-
POTHESIS TESTING
 U F 1. For one-tailed test,
B L 95% confidence level
corresponds to 0.025 α
D
D

F level.
 U F
B L 2. t test and z test have
the same formula.
D
D

F
 U F 3. When 𝐻0 is rejected, it

B L means that a significant

difference does not ex-
D
D

F ist.
 U F 4. When the evidence is
B L D
D
not enough, reject the
F null hypothesis.
 5. When the evidence is
A C sufficient to reject the
F D
null hypothesis, a sig-
T
D

nificant difference ex-

ists.
 Quote of the Day
“Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s
courage.”
-Anais Nin

When you are fearless, the possibilities in life seem endless

and your life automatically expands; on the other hand, once
you become scared of failure or rejections, you limit the
number of possibilities and automatically, your life shrinks
drastically.
 Population Proportion
A fraction of the population that has a
certain characteristic.
D
D

Denoted by p
 Sample Proportion

The point estimate of the population

D

proportion.
D
 Sample Proportion
• Formula:
Where = sample proportion

𝑥
^
𝑝= = the sample having the same
𝑛 characteristics

= sample size
D
OTHER FORMULAS TO
BE USED:
D
Used when finding the probability
If
or

Where = sample proportion

= sample size
= 1-
Confidence Level
𝐶𝐿=( 1− 𝑎 ) 100 %

Margin of Error
 Confidence Interval

^ −𝑧𝑎
𝑝
2
√ ^ (1− 𝑝
𝑝
𝑛
^)
+ 𝑧𝑎
2 √ 𝑝^ (1 − 𝑝
𝑛
^)

or

^ − 𝐸 < 𝑝< 𝑝
𝑝 ^ +𝐸
 Example 1

In a random sampling of 500 nurs-

ing applicants, 60 of them were
undergraduate. Find the value of
sample proportion.
 Solution
Step 1: List the given values.
= 60
= 500

Step 2: Solve for the sample proportion.

^ 𝑥
𝑝=
𝑛

^ =0.12
𝑝
 Example 2

Out of the 200 randomly selected

people in the mall, 30 of them
were unemployed. Compute the
sample proportion.
 Solution
Step 1: List the given values.

= 30
= 200

Step 2: Solve for the sample proportion.

^ =𝟎 . 𝟏𝟓
𝒑
 Example 3
A researcher wants to test his assumption
that 75% of the senior high school students
who enrolled in the academic track wanted
to become a teacher. He collected samples
randomly and found out that 25 out of 130
are planning to become a teacher. Compute
for the value of z.
 Solution

Step 1: List the given values.

= 130

𝑝=75 %=0 . 75
 Solution
Step 2: Check if 𝑛𝑝 ≥5∧𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5

𝑛𝑞=( 130 ) ( 1 −0.75 )=32.5

97.5
Used when finding the probability
If
or

Where = sample proportion

= sample size
= 1-
 Solution
Step 3: Solve for the sample proportion.

^= 𝑥
𝑝
𝑛

^ =0 .19
𝑝
 Solution
Step 4: Solve for z- score.
^ −𝑝
𝑝
𝑧=

√ 𝑝 (1 −𝑝 )
𝑛
0.19− 0.75
𝑧=

√ (0.75( 1− 0.75))
130

𝒛 =−𝟏𝟒 .𝟕𝟓
 Example 4
If 17% of the workers in the
company has insomnia, what
is the probability of randomly
selecting 70 workers and
finding 14 of them having
insomnia?
 Solution
Step 1: List the given values.

= 70
 Solution
Step 2: Check if 𝑛𝑝 ≥5∧𝑛𝑞 ≥ 5

11.9
Used when finding the probability
If
or

Where = sample proportion

= sample size
= 1-
 Solution
Step 3: Solve for the sample proportion.

^ 𝑥
𝑝=
𝑛

^ =𝟎 . 𝟐
𝒑
 Solution
Step 4: Solve for z- score.
𝑝^ −𝑝
𝑧=

√
𝑝 (1 −𝑝 )
𝑛
0 . 2 −0 . 17
𝑧=

√ 0 .17 (1− 0 . 17)

70
z
𝒛 =𝟎 . 𝟔𝟕 0 0.67
 Solution
Step 5: Use the Standard Normal Curve Table
to find the area of z-score .

¿ 0.2486
 Example 5
Calculate the confidence interval to
estimate the population proportion,
given the following data:
Confidence Level
𝐶𝐿=( 1− 𝑎 ) 100 %

Margin of Error
 Steps
Step 1: List the given values.
Step 2: Find the Confidence Level and
Step 3: Subtract from 0.5
Step 4: Use the Standard Normal Table to find z-score.

Step 5: Find the Margin of Error.

Step 6: Find the confidence interval.

 Solution
a.
Step 1: List the given values.
= 700
=0.30
C.L= 90%
Step 2: Find the Confidence Level and
CL = (1-
0.95 = 1-
= 1-0.90
= 0.1
= 0.05
 Solution
Step 3: Subtract from 0.5

0.5- 0.05 = 0.45

z
0
 Solution
Step 4: Use the Standard Normal
Table to find z-score.
 Solution
Step 5: Find the Margin of Error.

𝐸=𝑧 𝑎
2 √ ^ (1 − 𝑝
𝑝
𝑛
^)

𝐸=1 . 645

0.028
√
0 . 30 (1− 0 . 30)
700
 Solution
Step 6: Find the confidence interval.

0
= 0.272 0.328
 Solution
B.
Step 1:
= 200
=0.23
C.L= 95%
Step 2:
CL = (1-
0.95 = 1-
= 1-0.95
= 0.05
= 0.025
 Solution

Step 3:
0.5- 0.025 = 0.475

Step 4:

z
0
 Solution
Step 5:

0.05832
 Solution
Step 6:

= 0.17 0.29
 Example 6

Construct the confidence interval

estimate
d 300 residentsof
in the population proportion
Bocaue.
using
The surveythe
hasfollowing
a 0.60 pointdata:
estimate
and a 95% Confidence Level.
Find the confidence interval to estimate the population
a)
proportion C.L=95%
of the
residents.
A.
Solution
Step 1: List the given values
= 650
=275
C.L= 95%
Step 2: Find the sample proportion

275
^ =
𝑝
65 0
^ =0 . 42307
𝑝
 Solution
Step 2: Find the Confidence Level and
CL = 0.95
= 1-0.95
= 0.05
= 0.025

z
0
Step 3: Subtract from 0.5

0.5000-0.025 = 0.475
 Solution
Step 4: Use the Standard Normal Table to find z-
score.

𝒛 𝒂 =𝟏. 𝟗𝟔
𝟐
 Solution
Step 5: Find the Margin of Error.

0.03798
 Solution
Step 6: Find the confidence interval.

= 0.39 0.46
A.
Solution
Step 1: List the given values
= 81
=45
C.L= 80%
Step 2: Find the sample proportion

^ =0.55555
𝑝
 Solution
Step 2:
CL = 0.80
= 1-0.80
= 0.2
= 0.1
Step 3:
0.5000-0.1 = 0.4

Step 4:
𝑧 𝑎 =1. 285
2
 Solution
Step 5:

0.07094
 Solution
Step 6:

= 0.48 0.63
HYPOTHESIS TESTS ON POPULATION
PROPORTION
HYPOTHESIS TESTS ON POPULATION
PROPORTION
 CT 1. The sample propor-
FA tion (p̂ ) is an unbiased
estimator of the popula-
D
D

tion proportion (p).

 CT 2. The z-score associ-

FA D
D
ated with a 95% confi-
dence level for two-
tailed test is approxi-
mately 1.96.
 CT 3. The formula for the confi-

FA D
D
dence interval for a population
proportion includes the sample
proportion, the critical value,
and the standard error.
 U F
B L D
D
4. A Type I error occurs
when we fail to reject a
true null hypothesis.
F
 U F 5. If we want a lower pos-
B L sibility of correct decision,
use a significance level of
D
D

F 10% instead of 5%.

 Objectives
Formulate the appropriate null and alter-
A native hypotheses on a population pro-
portion.

Identify the appropriate form of the test-

B statistic when the Central Limit Theorem
is to be used.

Identify the appropriate rejection region

C for a given level of significance when the
Central Limit Theorem is to be used.
 Objectives
Compute for the test-statistic value
D (population proportion).

Draw conclusion about the population pro-

E portion based on the test-statistic value
and the rejection region.

Solve problems involving test of hypoth-

F esis on the population proportion.
REMEMBER ME!

Critical Value of z

Level of Significance
Directionality
α = 0.01 α = 0.05

Left-tailed
One-tailed
Right-tailed
Two-tailed
 REMEMBER ME!
Decision Rule
Left Tailed: If z ≤ -zcrit , reject H0. Otherwise,
do not reject H0.

Right Tailed: If z ≥ zcrit, reject H0. Otherwise,

do not reject H0.

Two Tailed: If z ≤ -zcrit or z ≥ +zcrit, reject H0.

Otherwise,
do not reject
H0.
 Steps

1. Formulate the null and the alternative

hypotheses.
2. Determine the type of test, α, and critical
value/s
3. Compute the test statistic
4. State the decision rule
5. Compare z and zcrit, and make decision on
the null hypothesis.
6. Make a meaningful conclusion
 Example 7
Apply the 6 steps in traditional method of hypothesis
testing to test the claim on the given
situation.
d 300 residents in Bocaue.
A researcher wants to test his assumption that 75% of
The survey has a 0.60 pl to estimate the population
the senior high school students who enrolled in the
proportion of the
academic track wanted to become a teacher. He
residents.
collected samples randomly and found out that 25 out
of 130 are planning to become a teacher. Test the
validity of the assumption at 0.05 level of significance.
 Solution
Step 1: Formulate the null and the alternative
hypotheses.

H0: The proportion of senior high school students who

wanted to become a teacher is 75%.
(H0: p = 75%)

H1: The proportion of senior high school students who

wanted to become a teacher is not equal to 75%.
(H1: p ≠ 75%)
 Solution
Step 2: Determine the type of test, α, and criti-
cal value/s
Two-tailed (Since, the claim is the null hypothesis)
α = 0.05 (given)

z
0
 Solution
Step 2: Determine the type of test, α, and criti-
cal value/s
Two-tailed (Since, the claim is the null hypothesis)
α = 0.05 (given)

z
0
zcrit = ± 1.96
 Solution
Step 3: Compute the test statistic

a. First, we will solve for :

b. Next, we will solve for q:

c. Finally, we will solve for z:

 Solution
Step 4: State the decision rule

If z ≤ -zcrit or z ≥ zcrit, reject H0. Otherwise, do not

reject H0.
 Solution
Step 5: Compare z and zcrit, and make decision
on the null hypothesis.

Since -14.74 < -1.96, reject H . 0

 Solution
Step 6: Make a meaningful conclusion

Thus, the assumption of the researcher is not

valid. The proportion of senior high school
students who wanted to become a teacher is
not equal to 75%.
 Example 7

Apply the 6 steps in traditional method of hypothesis

testing to test the claim on the given situation.

d 300 residents
A teacher wantsintoBocaue.
test his assumption that less
The survey
than 30% ofhas
theaSenior
0.60 plHigh
to estimate
Schoolthe population
students like
proportion of the After randomly collecting 150
research class.
residents.he found out that only 65 students like
samples,
research class. Is the teacher’s claim valid? Test
the hypothesis at 5% significance level.
 Solution
Step 1: Formulate the null and the alternative
hypotheses.
H0: The proportion of senior high school students who like
research class is greater than or equal to 30%.
(H0: p ≥ 30%)

H1: The proportion of senior high school students who like

research class is less than 30%.
(H1: p < 30%)
 Solution
Step 2: Determine the type of test, α, and criti-
cal value/s
Left-tailed (Since, the claim is the alternative hypoth-
esis which is H0: p > 30%)
α = 0.05 (given)

z
0
 Solution
Step 2: Determine the type of test, α, and criti-
cal value/s
Left-tailed (Since, the claim is the alternative hypoth-
esis which is H0: p > 30%)
α = 0.05 (given)

z
0
zcrit = -1.65
 Solution
Step 3: Compute the test statistic

a. First, we will solve for:

b. Next, we will solve for q :

c. Finally, we will solve for z:

 Solution
Step 4: State the decision rule

If z ≤ -zcrit, reject H0. Otherwise, do not reject H0.

 Solution
Step 5: Compare z and zcrit, and make decision
on the null hypothesis.

Since 3.47 > -1.65,

Do not reject H . 0
 Solution
Step 6: Make a meaningful conclusion

Thus, the claim of the teacher is false. The pro-

portion of senior high school students who like
research class is greater than or equal to 30%.
Application

The primary purpose in testing the probability is to

determine the probability of a difference between a
sample proportion and the claimed value of the
population proportion. Most of these tests are done
in marketing and production as to have the quality
and quantity check of their products. This may also
be use in surveys in politics and lifestyle that are
shown in the news.
To summarize our lesson, remember that …

✓ Steps in hypothesis testing on population proportion:

1. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis in statement and symbol

by describing population parameter of interest- mean.
2. State the type of test, α level, critical value/s
3. Apply the appropriate Test statistic (z or t)
4. State the Decision Rule
5. State the decision on the null hypothesis.
6. Construct your conclusion
Activity:

After launching the Water and Hygiene School

Program, the principal believes that more than 90%
of the students applied the proper handwashing
techniques in school as well as at home. A random
survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410
of them said they practiced correct handwashing
technique both in school and at home. Test the valid-
ity of the principal’s belief at 95% confidence level.
Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
1. What is the null hypothesis?

A. p ≥ 0.90 B. p ≤ 0.90 C. p = 0.90 D. p > 0.90

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
2. What is the alternative hypothesis?

A. p ≠ 0.90 B. p < 0.90 C. p > 0.90 D. p ≥ 0.90

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
3. What is the level of significance?

A. α=0.1 B. α=0.5 C. α=0.01 D. α=1

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
4. What type of test is to be used?

A. t-test B. z-test C. two-tailed D. one-tailed

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
5. What test statistics is to be used?

A. t-test B. z-test C. two-tailed D. one-tailed

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
6. What is/are the critical values to be used?

A. -1.65 B. 1.65 C. -1.69 D.-1.697

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
7. What is the computed value?

A. 5.93 B. -5.19 C. -5.96 D. 5.90

Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.
Question:
8. What is the decision rule?

A. If z ≤ -zcrit , reject H0. Otherwise, do not reject H0.

B. If z ≥ zcrit, reject H0. Otherwise, do not reject H0.
C. If z ≤ -zcrit or z ≥ +zcrit, reject H0. Otherwise, do not reject H0.
D. If z ≤ +zcrit or z ≥ -zcrit, reject H0. Otherwise, do not reject H0.
Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the
principal believes that more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A
random survey was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in
school and at home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
9. What is the decision?

A. Reject H0 B. Do not reject H0

C. Accept H0 D. Cannot determine H0
Problem:
After launching the Water and Hygiene School Program, the principal believes that
more than 90% of the students applied the
proper handwashing techniques in school as well as at home. A random survey
was conducted to 500 students and only 410 of
them said they practiced correct handwashing technique both in school and at
home. Test the validity of the principal’s belief at
95% confidence level.

Question:
10. What is the conclusion?
A. The proportion of students who applied the proper handwashing
techniques in school as well as at home is 90%.
B. The proportion of students who applied the proper handwashing
techniques in school as well as at home is greater than 90%.
C. The proportion of students who applied the proper handwashing
techniques in school as well as at home is not equal to 90%.
D. The proportion of students who applied the proper handwashing
techniques in school as well as at home is greater than or equal
to 90%.
Activity:
 D
D
Thank you