QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

ALGEBRA 2 UNIT 3
GENERAL EQUATION
 Y = AX²

• WHAT IF A WAS POSITIVE?

• TEST IN YOUR CALCULATOR

• WHAT IF A WAS NEGATIVE?

• TEST IN YOUR CALCULATOR.
 Y = AX²

• WHAT IF A WAS GREATER THAN 1?

• TEST IN YOUR CALCULATOR

• WHAT IF A WAS LESS THAN 1?

• TEST IN YOUR CALCULATOR.
GENERAL GRAPH OF THE
EQUATION
 DOMAIN AND RANGE

• DOMAIN: SET OF ALL X VALUES OF A FUNCTION

• USUALLY WILL BE ALL REAL NUMBERS

• RANGE: SET OF ALL Y VALUES OF A FUNCTION

• DEPENDS ON YOUR MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM VALUE
 X-INTERCEPT AND Y-INTERCEPT

• X-INTERCEPT: WHERE THE FUNCTION TOUCHES OR

INTERSECTS THE X- AXIS

• Y-INTERCEPT: WHERE THE FUNCTION TOUCHES OR

INTERSECTS THE Y- AXIS
 INTERVALS OF INCREASING OR
DECREASING
• INCREASING: WHERE THE FUNCTIONS SLOPE IS
INCREASING

• DECREASING: WHERE THE FUNCTIONS SLOPE IS

DECREASING

• LABELED AS [X,X]– INCREASING/DECREASING FROM WHAT

X VALUE TO WHAT X VALUE
 MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM VALUES

• MAXIMUM: THE HIGHEST POINT OF THE FUNCTION

• MINIMUM: THE LOWEST POINT OF THE FUNCTION

• *BOTH LABELED AS A POINT (X, Y)

 Y = X²
• WHAT DO YOU NOTICE ABOUT
THE GRAPH?
• ANY SYMMETRY?
• ANY HIGH/LOW POINTS?
• ANY RESTRICTIONS ON
VALUES?
 Y = X²
• WHAT IS DOMAIN ?
• WHAT IS RANGE?
• WHAT IS X-INTERCEPT?
• WHAT IS Y-INTERCEPT?
• WHAT IS INTERVAL OF INCREASING?
• WHAT IS INTERVAL OF DECREASING?
• WHAT IS MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM?
 REAL-LIFE IMPORTANCE
• WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF EACH OF THESE IN
REAL-LIFE?
• DOMAIN AND RANGE?
• X- AND Y-INTERCEPTS?
• INTERVALS OF INCREASING AND DECREASING?
• MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM VALUES?
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS IN
STANDARD FORM
 STANDARD FORM
• Y = AX² + BX + C
• A, B, AND C ARE CONSTANTS AND CAN BE
NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE
 STANDARD FORM GRAPHS
• TRY GRAPHING THESE EQUATIONS:
• Y = X² - 6X + 8
• Y = -X² +8X + 15
• FIND DOMAIN, RANGE, X-INTERCEPTS, Y-
INTERCEPTS, INTERVALS OF INCREASING AND
DECREASING, AND MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM
VALUES.
 STANDARD FORM GRAPHS
• CAN FIND THE VALUES IN YOUR CALCULATOR.
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS IN
INTERCEPT FORM
 INTERCEPT FORM
• Y = A(X – Q)(X – P)
• WHERE A, Q, P ARE CONSTANTS.
• A TELLS IF IT OPENS UP/DOWN
• Q AND P WILL BE INTERCEPTS
 INTERCEPT FORM
• TRY GRAPHING THESE EQUATIONS:
• Y = 2(X – 3)(X + 4)
• Y = -.5(X + 1) (X – 2)
• FIND DOMAIN, RANGE, X-INTERCEPTS, Y-
INTERCEPTS, INTERVALS OF INCREASING AND
DECREASING, AND MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM
VALUES.
 THE VERTEX OF WHICH
PARABOLA IS HIGHER?
• Y = X² OR Y = 4X²
• Y = -2X² OR Y = -2X² - 2
• Y = 3X² - 3 OR Y = 3X² - 6
 SOLVE QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
(WITHOUT CALCULATOR)
 FACTORING QUADRATICS
• WHEN YOU FACTOR A QUADRATIC YOU ARE REALLY
PUTTING IT INTO INTERCEPT FORM SO YOU CAN EASILY
FIND THE ZEROS (X-INTERCEPTS) OF THE FUNCTION.
• ONCE YOU HAVE THE FUNCTION IN INTERCEPT FORM
YOU SET EACH OF THE PARENTHESES EQUAL TO ZERO
AND SOLVE.
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² + 2X + 1
• 1ST STEP: CREATE A FACTOR/SUM CHART
• 2ND STEP: BREAK DOWN MIDDLE TERM INTO TWO TERMS
• 3RD STEP: GROUP 1ST TWO TERMS AND LAST TWO TERMS
TOGETHER
• 4TH STEP: FACTOR OUT ALL SIMILAR TERMS
• 5TH STEP: SIMPLIFY
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² + 2X + 1
• 1ST STEP: CREATE A FACTOR/SUM CHART
FACTORS (A *C) SUM (B)
1*1 2
-1*-1 -2
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² + 2X + 1
• 2ND STEP: BREAK DOWN MIDDLE TERM INTO TWO
TERMS
• Y = X² + 1X + 1X + 1
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² + 2X + 1
• 3RD STEP: GROUP 1ST TWO TERMS AND LAST TWO
TERMS TOGETHER
• Y = (X² + 1X) + (1X + 1)
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² + 2X + 1
• 4TH STEP: FACTOR OUT ALL SIMILAR TERMS
• Y = (X² + 1X) + (1X + 1)
• Y = X(X + 1) + 1(X + 1)
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² + 2X + 1
• 5TH STEP: SIMPLIFY
• Y = X(X + 1) + 1(X + 1)
• Y = (X + 1)(X +1)

• WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? – THE TWO ZEROS OF THE

FUNCTION ARE (X + 1) = 0 AND (X + 1) = 0 OR THE GRAPH
PASSES THROUGH THE X VALUE OF -1.
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
• FACTOR: Y = X² +2X - 8
• 1ST STEP: CREATE A FACTOR/SUM CHART
• 2ND STEP: BREAK DOWN MIDDLE TERM INTO TWO TERMS
• 3RD STEP: GROUP 1ST TWO TERMS AND LAST TWO TERMS
TOGETHER
• 4TH STEP: FACTOR OUT ALL SIMILAR TERMS
• 5TH STEP: SIMPLIFY
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
FACTOR (1*-8) SUM (2)

• FACTOR: Y = X² +2X – 8 1*-8 -7

-1*8 7
• Y = X² -2X + 4X – 8 -2*4 2
2*-4 -8
• Y = (X² - 2X) + (4X – 8)
• Y = X(X – 2) + 4(X – 2)
• Y = (X – 2) (X + 4)
 FACTORING QUADRATICS IN
STANDARD FORM
FACTOR (A*C) SUM (B)

• FACTOR: Y = X² - 25
• FACTOR: Y = X² - 4X – 21
• FACTOR: Y = X² - 4X – 12
• FACTOR: Y = 2X² - 7X - 4
FACTORING WORKSHEET
 FINDING MAXIMUMS AND
MINIMUMS
• TO FIND THE MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM VALUE OF A
QUADRATIC YOU CAN USE THE FORMULA:
QUADRATIC FORMULA
 QUADRATIC FORMULA
• ALSO USED TO FIND THE FACTORS OF A QUADRATIC
EQUATION
• WHEN YOU USE THE QUADRATIC FORMULA THE
ANSWERS ARE THE ZERO’S OF THE FUNCTION. YOU
THEN NEED TO TAKE THE ZERO’S AND PUT THEM
INTO INTERCEPT FORM TO RE-WRITE THE EQUATION.
QUADRATIC FORMULA
 QUADRATIC FORMULA SONG
• HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=O8EZDEK3QCG
 USING THE QUADRATIC
FORMULA
• 1ST STEP: PLUG A, B, AND C INTO THE FORMULA
• 2ND STEP: SIMPLIFY THE EXPRESSION
• 3RD STEP: FIND THE TWO INTERCEPTS
• 4TH STEP: WRITE THE FINAL ANSWER IN FACTORED
FORM
 USING THE QUADRATIC
FORMULA
• Y = 2X² + 17X + 21
• 1ST STEP: PLUG A, B, AND C INTO THE FORMULA
 USING THE QUADRATIC
FORMULA
• Y = 2X² + 17X + 21
• 2ND STEP: SIMPLIFY THE EXPRESSION
 USING THE QUADRATIC
FORMULA
• Y = 2X² + 17X + 21
• 3RD STEP: FIND THE TWO INTERCEPTS

• FINAL ANSWERS OF -3/2 AND -7

 USING THE QUADRATIC
FORMULA
• Y = 2X² + 17X + 21
• 4TH STEP: WRITE THE FINAL ANSWER IN FACTORED
FORM
• ANSWERS: -3/2 AND 7
• Y = (2X +3) AND (X – 7)
 THE DISCRIMINANT
• THE DISCRIMINANT = B² - 4AC
• IF B² - 4AC > 0 THEN TWO REAL SOLUTIONS
• IF B² - 4AC < 0 THEN NO REAL SOLUTIONS
• IF B² - 4AC = 0 THEN ONE REAL SOLUTION
 THE DISCRIMINANT
• TEST:
• Y = 2X² - 5X + 10
• Y = -9X² + 12X – 4
IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION
RECAP
IF EQUATION IS IN STANDARD
FORM
• WHEN YOU FACTOR YOU ARE WRITING IT IN
INTERCEPT FORM
• TO FIND THE ZEROS (X-INTERCEPTS) IN INTERCEPT
FORM, SET EACH PARENTHESES EQUAL TO ZERO
AND SOLVE
IF EQUATION IS IN INTERCEPT
FORM
• TO FIND THE ZEROS (X- INTERCEPTS) SET EACH
PARENTHESES EQUAL TO ZERO AND SOLVE
• TO FIND THE Y- INTERCEPT SET X EQUAL TO ZERO
AND SOLVE
 QUADRATIC FORMULA
• THE QUADRATIC FORMULA WILL GIVE YOU THE
ZEROS (X- INTERCEPTS) OF THE FUNCTION.
• TO WRITE THE EQUATION IN INTERCEPT FORM YOU
NEED TO CHANGE THE SIGN OF THE ZERO AND PUT IT
INTO THE EQUATION.– IF A FRACTION PUT
DENOMINATOR WITH X AND NUMERATOR BY ITSELF.
 QUADRATIC FORMULA AND
THE VERTEX
• YOU CAN ALSO USE THE QUADRATIC FORMULA TO
FIND THE VERTEX OF THE PARABOLA:
• THE MAX OR MIN POINT WILL BE:
APPLICATIONS OF
QUADRATICS
 OVERVIEW OF APPLICATIONS
• THROWING A BALL
• HEIGHT VERSUS TIME FUNCTION
• DROPPING ANYTHING
• PROFIT VERSUS COST
• MAXIMIZATION OR MINIMIZATION OF SOMETHING
 QUADRATIC APPLICATIONS
• ALTHOUGH A STADIUM FIELD OF SYNTHETIC TURF APPEARS TO
BE FLAT, ITS SURFACE IS ACTUALLY SHAPED LIKE A PARABOLA.
THIS IS SO THE RAINWATER RUNS OFF TO THE SIDES. IF WE
TAKE A CROSS SECTION OF THE TURF, IT CAN BE MODELED BY
Y = -.000234(X-80)² + 1.5, WHERE X IS THE DISTANCE FROM THE
LEFT END OF THE FIELD AND Y IS THE HEIGHT OF THE FIELD.
WHAT IS THE HEIGHT OF THE FIELD 40 FEET IN?
 QUADRATIC APPLICATIONS
• A SHOT-PUT THROWER CAN BE MODELED USING THE
FOLLOWING EQUATION: Y = -.0241X² + X +5.5 WHERE X
IS THE DISTANCE TRAVELED IN FEET AND Y IS THE
HEIGHT OF THE SHOT PUT IN FEET. HOW HIGH IS THE
SHOT PUT AFTER IT TRAVELS 4 FEET. HOW FAR AWAY
WILL THE SHOT PUT HIT THE GROUND?
 QUADRATIC APPLICATIONS
• MARCUS KICKS A FOOTBALL IN ORDER TO SCORE A FIELD
GOAL. THE HEIGHT OF THE BALL IS GIVEN BY THE
EQUATION Y = (-1/200)X² +X WHERE Y IS THE HEIGHT OF THE
FOOTBALL AND X IS THE HORIZONTAL DISTANCE THE BALL
TRAVELS. WE WANT TO KNOW IF HE KICKED THE BALL
HARD ENOUGH TO GO OVER THE GOAL POST WHICH IS 10
FEET HIGH.