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wk1 - AndroidJava

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11 views

wk1 - AndroidJava

Uploaded by

Sharon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Android SDK

Discipline of IT
James Cook University
This presentation focuses on…

1. The Android SDK (Setup)

2. Java Programming

3. Basic Android Programming

2
Android is owned by Google, and Google is a part of OHA

The Android OS is purpose-built for mobile devices

“…accelerate innovation in mobile and offer consumers a


richer, less expensive, and better mobile experience…”
Android is a complete, free, and open source mobile platform…
Java vs Dalvik
Java vs Dalvik

•Your java source code gets compiled twice to run on an Android


mobile device…

• Why? Java tends to change – but the bytecode


spec does not…

•It’s possible to write Android apps in a variety of programming


languages
• Android NDK (C/C++)
• ASE http://code.google.com/p/android-scripting/
A brief history of Android
– 2005: Google buys Android, Inc.

– 2007: Open Handset Alliance announced and Android is released as


open source

– 2008: Android SDK 1.0 released

– 2009: Huge numbers of Android-powered devices are sold

– 2012/2013: Android SDK version 4.1 – 4.3

– 2013: Android SDK version 4.4 (“kitkat”)

– 2014: Android SDK version 5 (“lollipop”)


• Note: replaced Dalvik with Android Runtime (ART)

– 2015: Android SDK version 6 (“Marshmallow”)


Setting up the Android SDK and Android Studio
• Android Studio is a powerful, open source, customizable
IDE
• Provided WYSIWYG GUI designer

• Sophisticated debugging support

• Android SDK is a collection of Command-line tools


• Currently runs on Java (1.7 or higher)

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Android Studio offers simple Installation

• Android Studio is a bundled installer


• It will install the Android SDK and the most recent
Android Platform (API 22)
• It is then a good idea to select additional
platforms (e.g. API 19)

9
Setting up the Android SDK Manager

• This tool is used to add particular versions of the SDK to


your computer
• It also provides various extras like USB driver
support, emulator images, Google APIs, …

It’s worth checking for SDK updates


on a regular basis!

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Setting up the AVD Manager

• This tool is used to create configurations for the emulator

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Useful features

• Android Layout Editor – the WYSIWYG GUI designer


• GUIs in Android are specified using XML
• The XAML is automatically converted into Java
code for you
• Android Manifest Editor
• Graphical view of a projects configuration file
• Lint
• Offers advice to the programmer about
improving their code!

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Useful features

• adb
• Useful for obtaining shell access to an
emulator or real device – handy for removing
apps (http://developer.android.com/tools/help/adb.html)

• DDMS (the android SDK “monitor” tool)


• A server that monitors debug/log messages
from the emulator or a real device

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Other useful Android SDK commands

• Monkey
• Supports automatic UI event testing

• Sqlite3
• A light-weight database tool

• Keytool
• Used to generate signing certificates for Apps
• Note: Eclipse ADT automatically does this for
projects (in debug mode)
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Java programming

• AndroidJava = Java - Swing + AndroidSDK


• The traditional Java GUI system is replaced
• But Android’s Java is mostly standard Java

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Primitive data types

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Classes and objects

• Android Java looks very similar to standard Java:


• final, static, public, private, protected
• Member fields/methods
• Inheritance
• Late binding / polymorphism
• Interfaces, abstract classes
• Exceptions

• Primitives are autoboxed as wrapper classes


• Java has automatic garbage collection
• No delete operator
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Beware

• Avoid using:
• finalize() method
• clone() method

• Android does not support them

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Correctly overriding equals() for your own classes

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Java Collection API

• List: ArrayList, LinkedList

• Map: HashMap, TreeMap

• These are generic classes

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Collections and thread safety

• Java and Android are multi-threaded

• The standard Java Thread API can be used


• Synchronization strategies apply!

• Useful point:
• Vector, Hashtable are thread safe!

21
Java packages

• Classes are grouped into packages

• Even your own classes:


• So that’s why when you create a new Android
Project it requires a package!

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Inner classes and event callbacks

• This is the way Android events are handled in Java code

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Anonymous inner classes are also common

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Good design

• This code also demonstrates a way to separate the


application logic / model code from the GUI code

• We will be exploring good design more in this subject:


• Delegation
• Model-View-Controller
• Modularity

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