ARDUINO BASED VOICE ANNOUNCEMENT

SYSTEM FOR MATERIAL AVAILABILITY

STATUS
REPORT 2022-2023
SUBMITTTED BY

GUIDED BY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the presentation of this report we recall with the sincere gratitude of each
of those who have been a source of immense help and inspiration during the
progress of report.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
SYNOPSIS
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
ARDUINO UNO
LCD DISPLAY
LDR
VOICE BANK
SPEAKER
APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES
POWER SUPPLY
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
SYNOPSIS
BLOCK DIAGRAM

LASE
R LD COMPARA
DIOD
R
E TOR
LCD
LASE CIRCUIT
R LD COMPARA
DIOD
R
E TOR
CIRCUIT ARDUINO UNO
SPEAKER

LASE
R COMPARA
DIOD LD VOICE
E R BANK AUDIO
TOR
AMPLIFI
LASE CIRCUIT ER
R
DIOD LD COMPARA
E R
TOR
CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TR1 LCD1
BR1
BRIDG U3 LM016L
J1 E 7805
2
1 1 3
VI VO

CONN-H2
R13
C2 C1 2k7
1000mf
TRAN-2P2S
220mf
D5

SIM1
LED-RED

LDR
VOICE CHIP
AREF
R6
10K 13

ARDUINO
R1 R2 O\P
RESET 12

47K 10K U1 ~1
1
5V
~1

SIMULINO
0

POWER
LASER DIODE 3
R3 Q1 GND
~9
6
BC547 8 LS1

DIGITAL (PWM~)
2 7
4K7
D2 LDR1 R4 ~6

ANALOG IN
1.0 R5 10K A0 ~5
LDR A1 4
DIODE 10K 741
A2 ~3
A3 2
SPEAKER
GND A4 TX > 1
A5 RX < 0
www.arduino.cc
blogembarcado.blogspot.com
SIMULINO UNO

LDR

R11
10K
R7 R8
O\P
47K 10K

U2
3
R9 Q2
LASER DIODE 2
6
BC547
4K7
D1 LDR2 R10
1.0 R12 10K
LDR
DIODE 10K 741

GND
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

ARDUINO UNO

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 . It has

14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog

inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP

header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the

microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it

with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from

all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver

chip. Instead, it features the Atmega8U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial

converter. "Uno" means one in Italian and is named to mark the

upcoming release of Arduino 1.0. The Uno and version 1.0 will be the

reference versions of Arduno, moving forward. The Uno is the latest in a series

of USB Arduino boards, and

the reference model for the Arduino platform; for a comparison with previous

versions,

Microcontroller : ATmega328

Operating Voltage : 5V

Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) : 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins : 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins : 6

DC Current per I/O Pin :40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin : 50 mA

Flash Memory : 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader.

SRAM : 2 KB

EEPROM : 1 KB

Clock Speed : 16 MHz

 The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with
an

external power supply. The power source is selected automatically.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter

(wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a

2.1mm center-positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a

battery can be

inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers of the POWER connector.

The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied

with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the

board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage

regulator may overheat and damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to

12 volts.

The power pins are as follows:

·VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power

source (as opposed to

5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You

can supply voltage through

this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin.

·5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other

components on the

board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied

by USB or another regulated 5V supply.

·3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current

draw is 50 mA.

·GND. Ground pins.

MEMORY: OUTPUT:

Each of The Atmega328 has 32 KB of flash memory for storing code (of which

0,5 KB is used for the bootloader); It has also 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of

EEPROM.
INPUT AND the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output,

using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5

volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal

pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some

pins have specialized functions:

·Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial

data. TThese pins are

connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial

chip .

·External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an

interrupt on a low value, a

rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function

for

details.

·PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the

analogWrite() function.

·SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support

SPI communication, which,

although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the

Arduino language.
·LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is

HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off.
 The Uno has 6 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution

(i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground

to 5 volts,

though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the

AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally, some pins have

specialized functionality:

·I2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using

the Wire library.

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

·AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with

analogReference().

·Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used

to add a reset button to

shields which block the one on the board.

PHYSICAL CHARACTERITICS:

The maximum length and width of the Uno PCB are 2.7 and 2.1 inches

respectively, with the USB connector and power jack extending beyond

the

former dimension. Three screw holes allow the board to be attached to a

surface or case. Note that the distance between digital pins 7 and 8 is 160 mil

(0.16"),

not an even multiple of the 100 mil spacing of the other pins.

Features:

•High Performance, Low Power AVR® 8-Bit Microcontroller

•Advanced RISC Architecture

– 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers

– Fully Static Operation

– Up to 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz

– On-chip 2-cycle Multiplier

• High Endurance Non-volatile Memory Segments

– 4/8/16/32K Bytes of In-System Self-Programmable Flash progam

memory (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)

– 256/512/512/1K Bytes EEPROM (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)

– 512/1K/1K/2K Bytes Internal SRAM (ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P)

– Write/Erase Cycles: 10,000 Flash/100,000 EEPROM

– Data retention: 20 years at 85°C/100 years at 25°C(1)

– Optional Boot Code Section with Independent Lock Bits In-System

Programming by On-chip Boot Program

True Read-While-Write Operation

– Programming Lock for Software Security

• Peripheral Features

– Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescaler and Compare Mode

– One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and

Capture

Mode

– Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator

– Six PWM Channels

–8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package Temperature

Measurement

–6-channel 10-bit ADC in PDIP Package Temperature Measurement

–Programmable Serial USART

–Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface

–Byte-oriented 2-wire Serial Interface (Philips I2C compatible)

–Programmable Watchdog Timer with Separate On-chip Oscillator

–On-chip Analog Comparator

–Interrupt and Wake-up on Pin Change

•Special Microcontroller Features

–Power-on Reset and Programmable Brown-out Detection

–Internal Calibrated Oscillator

–External and Internal Interrupt Sources

–Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down,

Standby,

and Extended Standby

•I/O and Packages

–23 Programmable I/O Lines

–28-pin PDIP, 32-lead TQFP, 28-pad QFN/MLF and 32-pad QFN/MLF

•Operating Voltage:

– 1.8 - 5.5V for ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P

•Temperature Range:

– -40°C to 85°C

•Speed Grade:

– 0 - 20 MHz @ 1.8 - 5.5V

•Low Power Consumption at 1 MHz, 1.8V, 25°C for

ATmega48PA/88PA/168PA/328P:
–Active Mode: 0.2 mA

–Power-down Mode: 0.1 μA

–Power-save Mode: 0.75 μA (Including 32 kHz RTC)

Pin Descriptions:

1.1.1 VCC
 l supply voltage.

2. GND

Ground.

3. Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up

resistors

(selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical

drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs,

Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the

pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a

reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input

to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock

operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can

be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier.

If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source,

PB7..6 is used as TOSC2..1 input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2

if the AS2 bit in

ASSR is set.

4. Port C (PC5:0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up

resistors

(selected for each bit). The PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical

drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs,

Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the
activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

5. PC6/RESET

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note

that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other

pins of Port C.

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is un programmed, PC6 is used as a Reset input.

A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate

a Reset,

even if the clock is not running. T Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to

generate a Reset.

6. Port D (PD7:0)

Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up

resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have

symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As

inputs, Port D pins

that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up

resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition

becomes active,

even if the clock is not running.

1.1.7AVCC

AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0,

and ADC7:6. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC

used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass

filter. Note that PC6..4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.

8. AREF

AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

9. ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only)

In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to

the A/D converter. These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as

10-bit ADC channels.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general

purpose

working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be

accessed in one

single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture

is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times

faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers.

 The ATmega following features 4/8/16/32K bytes of In-
System

Programmable Flash with Read-While-Write capabilities,

256/512/512/1K

bytes EEPROM, 512/1K/1K/2K bytes SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O

lines, 32 general purpose working registers, three flexible Timer/Counters with

compare modes, internal and external interrupts, a serial programmable

USART, a byte- oriented 2-wire Serial Interface, an SPI serial port, a 6-channel

10-bit ADC (8 channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), a programmable

Watchdog Timer with internal Oscillator, and five software selectable power

saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the SRAM,

Timer/Counters, USART, 2-wire Serial Interface, SPI port, and interrupt system

to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents

but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next

interrupt or hardware reset. In Power-save mode, the asynchronous timer

continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the

device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O

modules except asynchronous timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise

during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is

running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up

combined with low power consumption.

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-volatile

memory technology. The On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be

reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serial interface, by a

conventional non-volatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot

the AVR core. The Boot program can use any interface to download the

application program in the Application Flash memory. Software in the

Boot

Flash section will continue to run while the Application Flash section is

updated, providing true Read-While-Write operation. By combining an 8-

bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,

the Atmega is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly flexible and

cost effective solution to many embedded control applications.

The ATmega48PA328P AVR is supported with a full suite of program

and system development tools including: C Compilers, Macro Assemblers,

Program Debugger/Simulators, In-Circuit Emulators, and Evaluation kits.

LCD DISPLAY

LCD is mainly used for display the information. Here we are using 2x16
LCD. Operation of the LCD is the declining prices of LCDs. The ability to
display numbers, characters, and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs, which
are limited to numbers and characters. The LCDs are light weight with only a
few millimeters thickness. Since the LCDs consume less power, they are
compatible with low power electronic circuits, and can be powered for
long durations. The LCDs don’t generate light and so light is needed to
read the display. By using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The
LCDs have long life and a wide operating temperature range.

LCD DISPLAY

INTRODUCTION:
 Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) have materials which combine the
properties of both liquids and crystals. Rather than having a melting point, they
have a temperature range within which the molecules are almost as mobile as
they would be in a liquid, but are grouped together in an ordered from similar to
a crystal.

An LCD consists of two Glass Panels, with the liquid crystal

material sandwiched in between them. The inner surface of the Glass
plates is coated with transparent electrodes which define the character,
symbols or patterns to be displayed. Polymeric layers are present in between the
electrodes and the liquid crystal, which makes the liquid crystal
molecules to maintain a defined orientation angle.

One each polarizer’s are pasted outside the two Glass Panels. This
polarizer’s would rotate the light rays passing through them to a definite angle,
in a particular direction.

When the LCD is in the off-state, light rays are rotated by the two
polarizer’s and the Liquid Crystal, such that the light rays come out of the LCD
without any orientation, and hence the LCD appears transparent.

When sufficient voltage is applied to the electrodes, the Liquid

Crystal molecules would be aligned in a specific direction. The light rays
passing through the LCD would be rotated by the polarizer’s, which
would result in activating / high lighting the desired characters.

The LCDs are light weight with only a few millimeters thickness. Since
the LCDs consume less power, they are compatible with low power electronic
circuits, and can be powered for long durations.
 The LCDs don’t generate light and so light is needed to read the display.
By using backlighting, reading is possible in the dark. The LCDs have long life
and a wide operating temperature range.

Changing the display size or the layout size is relatively simple

which makes the LCDs more customers friendly.

The LCDs used exclusively in watches, calculators and

measuring instruments are the simple seven – segment displays, having a
limited amount of numeric data. The recent advances in technology have
resulted in better legibility, more information displaying capability and a
wider temperature range. These have resulted in the LCDs being
extensively used in telecommunications and entertainment electronics. The
LCD s has even started replacing the Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) used for
the display of text and graphics, and also in small TV applications.

LCD is mainly used for display the information. Here we are using 2x16
LCD. Operation of the LCD is

The declining prices of LCDs.

The ability to display numbers, characters, and graphics. This is in
contrast to LEDs, which are limited to numbers and characters.
Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby
relieving the CPU of the task of refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must
be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying the data.
Ease of programming for characters and graphics.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM

16
E
LCD
R/W
RS 40 40
TO D7
VDD
VL 4 DRIVER
VSS

LCD PIN DESCRIPTIONS

VCC, VSS, and VL (PIN 1 to 3):

VCC provide
While VSS provide Ground Terminal,
Supply
OV. Terminal, +5. VL is a Liquid Crystal Drive
Voltage
RS, register select PIN 4):

There are two very important registers inside the LCD. The RS pin is
used for their selection as follows. If RS=0 the instruction command
code register is selected, allowing the user to send a command such as clear
display, cursor at home, etc. if RS=1d the data register is selected, allowing the
user to send data to be displayed on the LCD.

VOICEBANK

Here the IC APR 33 is used as the voice bank. The prerecorded messages can
be stored in any location. This can be replayed by selecting the respective
signal. The output of this IC is given to the power amplifier circuit.
VOICE BANK APR33A3

RECORDING VOICE IC FEATURES:

Operating Voltage Range: 3V ~ 6.5V

o Single Chip, High Quality Audio/Voice
Recording & Playback Solution No External ICs
Required
 Minimum External
Components User Friendly,
Easy to Use Operation
o Programming & Development Systems Not
Required
o 170/ 340/ 680 sec. Voice Recording Length in
aPR33A1/aPR33A2/aPR33A3 Powerful
16-Bits
Digital Audio Processor.
Nonvolatile Flash Memory
Technology
 No Battery
Backup
External
Required Reset
pin.
o
Powerful
Power
Manage
Low Standby
ment Current: 1uA
oLow Unit
Power-Down Current: 15uA
 Supports Power- Down Mode
for Power Saving Built-in Audio-
Very
Recording
Microphone Amplifier
 No External
OPAMP or
BJT
Required Easy to PCB
layout
Configurable analog interface
o Differential-ended MIC pre-amp for Low
Noise
o High Quality Line Receiver
High Quality Analog to Digital and PWM
module
o Resolution up to 16-bits
  Simple And Direct User Interface
 Averagely 1,2,4 or 8 voice messages record &
playback

DESCRIPTION:

Today’s consumers demand the best in audio/voice. They want crystal-

clear sound wherever they are in whatever format they want to use. APLUS
delivers the technology to enhance a listener’s audio/voice experience.

The aPR33A series are powerful audio processor along with high performance
audio analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters
(DACs). The aPR33A series are a fully integrated solution offering high
performance and unparalleled integration with analog input, digital processing
and analog output functionality. The aPR33A series incorporates all
the functionality required to perform demanding audio/voice applications.
High quality audio/voice systems with lower bill-of-material costs
can be implemented with the aPR33A series because of its integrated
analog data converters and full suite of quality-enhancing features such as
sample-rate convertor.

The aPR33A series C2.0 is specially designed for simple key trigger, user can
record and playback the message averagely for 1, 2, 4 or 8 voice message(s) by
switch, It is suitable in simple interface or need to limit the length of single
message, e.g. toys, leave messages system, answering machine etc.
Meanwhile, this mode provides the power-management system. Users can let
the chip enter power-down mode when unused. It can effectively reduce
electric current consuming to 15uA and increase the using time in any projects
powered by batteries.

Another heart of the circuit is IC LM386, which is pre amplifier IC. Input
Signal is given through 10K volume control Preset. By changing the
wiper
position of volume control we can very the volume. Some passive components
are used to reduce the invocated noise. The amplified output is available
at speaker.

PIN CONFIGURATION PIN DESCRIPTION:

Pin Names Pin No TYPE Description

VCORE 16 Positive power supply for
core.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

APR3 8
10
VDD 3 VDD
P
24 100
VDD n
L
47K 26
4.7K ROSC
25 5 10MF
VLDO VSS
16 P
VCORE
27
RSTB
28 18
SRSTB VDD
A 100MF 1K
/25V
100MF 11
/25V VSSL
470
E
20 100
VCM n
12 19 1MF
/ VREF 47K
REC 17 1n
VSS
A
13 22
M0 MIC +

14 + 100 MI
M1 n
C
15 21
M2 MIC
9
M3 - 100 4.7K
n
3
M4 23
MIC
4
M5 G
1

M6/MSEL0
2

M7/MSEL1
6 0.1MF
VOUT
7 2

VOUT1
100
E

10K
2
+
LM38
5
3
- 6
100M
F
/
47MF /25V SPEAKE
VCC 63V R

LDR DETECTOR
LIGHT DETECTOR:

Light sensor is LDR. Here we are using a light sensor which senses the light
level emitted from the machines (spark). The output of this sensor is
compared with a comparator circuit. The output signal is given to
microcontroller.

LIGHT MEASUREMENT

+5V

10 10
47
K K
K
74
1 4K
O/P
- 6
2 3 7 BC54
+
LD 7
R 10K
10K

GND

LDR-LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR:

Light dependent resistor—photo resistor or Cadmium –Sulfide (Cds) cell. As

their name suggests, these are resistors whose resistance is a function of the
amount of light falling on them. Their resistance is very high when no light is
present and is significantly lower when they are illuminated. Under
normal conditions, light falls on LDR and in case of a fault the LDR will be
subjected to darkness.
ON LIGHT:

When LDR is subjected to light, its resistance become10K  ; hence the droop
at the inverting terminal is less than at the inverting terminal. Hence the output
from comparator is –Vsat indicating normal condition.

ON DARKNESS:

When the LDR is subjected to darkness, its resistance 100K  , and the thus
the drop at the non-inverting terminal than that at the inverting terminal. Hence
the output from this +Vsat indicating a faulty condition.

Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR)

A photoresistor or light dependent resistor or cadmium sulfide (CdS) cell is
a resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. It can
also be referenced as a photoconductor.

A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor. If light falling on the

device is of high enough frequency, photons absorbed by the semiconductor give
bound electrons enough energy to jump into the conduction band. The
resulting free electron (and its hole partner) conduct electricity, thereby lowering
resistance.

A photoelectric device can be either intrinsic or extrinsic. An intrinsic

semiconductor has its own charge carriers and is not an efficient semiconductor,
e.g. silicon. In intrinsic devices the only available electrons are in the valence
band, and hence the photon must have enough energy to excite the electron across
the entire bandgap. Extrinsic devices have impurities, also called dopants,
added
whose ground state energy is closer to the conduction band; since the electrons do
not have as far to jump, lower energy photons (i.e., longer wavelengths and lower
frequencies) are sufficient to trigger the device. If a sample of silicon has some of
its atoms replaced by phosphorus atoms (impurities), there will be extra electrons
available for conduction. This is an example of an extrinsic semiconductor.

APPLICATION

Photoresistors come in many different types. Inexpensive cadmium sulfide cells

can be found in many consumer items such as camera light meters, street
lights, clock radios, alarms, and outdoor clocks.

They are also used in some dynamic compressors together with a small
incandescent lamp or light emitting diode to control gain reduction.
Lead sulfide and indium antimonide LDRs are used for the mid infrared spectral
region. Ge:Cu photoconductors are among the best far-infrared detectors available,
and are used for infrared astronomy and infrared spectroscopy.

SPEAKER

A loudspeaker (or "speaker") is an electro acoustic transducer that converts an

electrical signal into sound. The speaker pulses in accordance with the
variations of an electrical signal and causes sound waves to propagate through a
medium such as air or water.

Loudspeakers (and other electro acoustic transducers) are the most variable
elements in a modern audio system and are usually responsible for most distortion
and audible differences when comparing sound systems.

Loudspeaker

An inexpensive, low fidelity 3½-inch speaker, typically found in small

radios.
An expensive four-way, high fidelity loudspeaker system.

A loudspeaker (or "speaker") is an electroacoustic transducer that converts

an electrical signal into sound. The speaker moves in accordance with the
variations of an electrical signal and causes sound waves to propagate through a
medium such as air or water.

Loudspeakers (and other electroacoustic transducers) are the most

variable elements in a modern audio system and are usually responsible for most
distortion and audible differences when comparing sound systems. [citation needed]

Driver design

POWER SUPPLY
Most electronic circuits require DC voltage sources or power supplies. If
the electronic device is to be portable, then one or more batteries is usually needed
to provide the DC voltage required by electronic circuits. But batteries have a
limited life span and cannot be recharged.

The solution is to convert the alternating current lose hold line voltage to a DC
voltage source.

BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR POWER SUPPLY:

Block diagram of AC to DC power Supply

consists,
voltage up or down
1. Transformer : Steps the household
as
line required.
2. Rectifier : converts AC voltage to pulsating DC voltage.
3. Filter : smooth the pulsating DC voltage to a varying DC
voltage.
4. Regulator
: fixed the output voltage to constant value.
APPLICATION AND ADVANTAGES

CHECK THE MATERIAL PROCESS

LIGHT IS DETECTED IF THE
MATERIAL STATUS TO ANNOUCE A VOICE BANK
THE SPEAKER IS INTIMATE THE PERSON
CONCLUSION

This project is “ARDUINO BASED VOICE ANNOUNCEMENT

SYSTEM FOR MATERIAL AVAILABILITY “is working fire, getting the

parameter envisaged during the conceptual stage. During the design, as well
as during the construction, greater care has been put in to avoid hiccups at the final
stage. The PCB layouts were prepared with at most care to incorporate the circuits
in a modular manner. The circuit is made as simple as to our knowledge.
Also components and cost. It was a very interesting process of developing the
prototype, stage by stage and testing the same. We have to go through fairly large
pages of data related to the components etc. It was a useful and fulfilling
assignment to get the project completed in time. This gave as a sense
of satisfaction and accomplishment
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Process instruments and controls handbook

 Considine

Controller Boards

 Ralph Mackiewicz

Instrumentation

 D.V.S.Murty

Sensors and Detectors

 Seippel Robert