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Urinary System

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15 views29 pages

Urinary System

Uploaded by

habibsaqib773
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Urinary system

Content of topic

 Introduction to Urinary system


 Anatomy of urinary system
 Urinary system organs
 Kidneys
 Nephron
 Ureter
 Bladder
 Urethra
Introduction

Urinary system, also known as urinary tract or renal


system
Under microscopy, the urinary system is covered in unique
lining called urothelium
Crucial component responsible for maintaining internal
balance and eliminating waste products
Introduction
Urinary system organs
Urinary system organs

Urinary system consists of six organs:


 Two kidneys
 Two ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra
 Filter blood, remove waste products, create urine and transport urine out from the
body.
Kidneys

 They are paired retroperitoneal organs located anterolateral to spinal


cord, near the posterior body wall.
 Roughly 12 cm length and 6 cm wide, spanning from T12 to L3
vertebral levels.
 Bean-shaped kidneys are somewhat protected by the lower rib cage,
and by a protective layer of perirenal fat.
Kidneys

 On their concave medial surface is the renal hilum, which is the location
where the ureters, blood vessels and nerves enter or exit the organ.
 Most important blood vessels entering and exiting the kidneys are
the renal artery and renal vein.
 Adrenal glands or suprarenal glands sit on the superior pole of each
kidney.
Lateral border of kidney Medial border of kidney Inferior pole of kidney
Kidney Layers

Internally, consist of 2 layers; a highly vascularized outer


renal cortex and inner renal medulla
Spanning across these two layers are millions of kidneys’
functional units, nephrons.
1 million each
Nephrons
Nephrons

 Nephrons are filtering structure of kidney.


 Two main parts, renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
 Renal corpuscle is a small ball of capillaries (glomerulus)
 Surrounded by double layered epithelial capsule ( Bowman's
capsule) similar to pushing your hand into a balloon.
Nephron Structure

 Renal tubule is formed by small convoluted tubes which are closely


associated with blood vessels.
 Corpuscles are situated in the renal cortex,
 Tubules dive into the medulla.
 Exchange between blood vessels and capsule/tubes of nephrons by the
process of both passive and active transport.
Nephron Structure

 The products to be removed from the blood, or returned to the blood


are very carefully selected by these cells.
 Any liquid or chemical that remains in the nephrons’ tubes becomes
urine.
 The filtrate, or urine, gets carried out of the nephrons by collecting
ducts, traveling through various parts of the kidney before reaching
the ureters.
Ureters
Ureters

The ureters are a pair of muscular, tubular structures


Responsible for transporting urine from the kidneys to the
urinary bladder by peristalsis for temporary storage, until
urination.
Ureters

Each ureter arises as continuation of the funnel-shaped renal


pelvis at hilum of in the posterior abdomen
Runs distally into pelvic cavity to enter the base of the urinary
bladder.
Urinary Bladder
Urinary Bladder

 A muscular sac whose function is to temporarily store urine.


 It is located in pelvis, just posterior to the pubic symphysis.
 Generally, when empty it is pear-shaped with an apex, a base (fundus),
neck, superior surface
 Lined with transitional epithelium
Urinary Bladder

 The walls of are primarily composed of the detrusor muscle.


 Layer made of smooth muscle fibers that are arranged in spiral,
longitudinal, and circular bundles.
 Near the neck of the bladder in males, these muscle fibers create the
involuntary internal urethral sphincter.
Urinary Bladder

 When distended with urine, the bladder sends a signal to the nervous
system to initiate the process of micturition (urination).
 In males, the neck of the bladder is surrounded by the prostate gland.
Urethra
 Single thin walled tube that carries urine from bladder to outside of the
body.
 Associated with two urethral sphincters
 Internal sphincter is a continuation of the detrusor muscle and is made
of smooth muscle,
 Involuntary or autonomic control.
 This is the primary muscle for prohibiting release of urine.
Urethra

 Urethra differs between sexes, with female urethra being much shorter in
length and opening located anterior to vagina.
 Male urethra is longer as it travels the length of the penis, with the opening
located at the tip of the glans penis.
 The male urethra has the double function of both urine and semen
transportation.

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