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Lesson6 Biopotential Display

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Nguyễn Đức Tuấn
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6 views

Lesson6 Biopotential Display

Uploaded by

Nguyễn Đức Tuấn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Origin of Bio-potential

Nervous system cells


• Nerve cell (neuron):
– Sensory nerve: Organism -> Brain
– Motor nerve: Brain -> Organism
• Neuroglial cell (glia): connective tissue
Different kinds of potentials in a cell
• Resting membrane potential (negative inside)
• Graded potential
• Action potential
• Synaptic potential
Synaptic potential Synaptic potential

Graded
potential

Action
potential
Types of changes in membrane potentials
Ion exchanges through
cell membrane
+ + -
Na K Cl Na-K Pump
Extracellular

Membrane

Intracellular

Passive process Active process


Hodgkin–Huxley model
Hodgkin-Huxley equation

Where:

• ENa, EK, ECl : Nernst potential of Na+, K+ and Cl- channels

• RNa, RK, RCl: Resistance which represents the permeability of


each corresponding channels

• INa, IK : NA-K pump currents

• Cm: membrane capacitance.


Some values
• RNa = 2 MΩ (variable)
• RK = 0.1 MΩ
• RCl = 0.05 MΩ
• C = 10-6 F/cm2
• Nernst potential
 ENa = +55mV
 EK = -75mV
 ECl = -70mV
Potential of one ion: Nernst’s equation

• V1-V2 = - (RT/ZF) ln (C1/C2)

o V1-V2 : equilibrium potential or Nernst potential


o R: gas constant = 0.083 [L.atm /mol.K]
o T: absolute temperature [K]
o C: concentration [M]
o Z: valence of ion
o F: Faraday constant: 96,500 [Coulomb/Mol/valence]

• V1-V2 = - 58 log (C1/C2) [mV]


o For room temperature 25oC or 298K
oZ = 1
Potential of 2 or more ions: Goldman’s equation

Where

Em = membrane potential

[Na+]out ,[K+]out and [Cl-]out : concentrations of ions Na+, K+ and Cl-


outside the cell (extracellular space) [mol/L]

[Na+]in ,[K+]in and [Cl-]in : concentrations of ions Na+, K+ and Cl- inside
the cell (cytoplasm) [mol/L]

PNa+, PK+ and PCl- : membrane permeability of ions Na+, K+ and Cl-,
respectively [cm/s]
Action potential
• How is it generated?
• How is it sustained and propagated?
Generation of AP: Real system
Generation of AP: Electrical model of a cell

• Cm: membrane capacitance [F/cm2] (in parallel)


• Rm: membrane resistance (per unit of length) [Ωcm] (in parallel)
• Ra: axial resistance due to cytoplasm (per unit of length) [Ω/cm]
(in series)
Effect of time constant

τ = 1-20ms
Temporal summation process

τ = Rm Cm (the bigger τ the more chance to trigger AP).


In A: τ is small. In B: τ is big.
Vm(t) = Vo (1 -

The larger the more chance AP is generated


=> Role of Myelin sheath
Propagation of AP: Real system
Propagation of AP: Effects of R
Vm (x) = Vo

Where:
λ: length of constant or space constant (0.1-1mm).
The larger λ the further AP is transmitted
λ = [cm]

=> Important role of Myelin sheath


Effect of Ra and Cm in the speed of
propagation of AP
Speed =

=> Speed increases in larger size cells and


thanks to the Myelin sheath => Saltatory
Conduction process.
fig_04_04

Figure 4.4 (a) Charge distribution in the vicinity of the active region of an
unmyelinated fiber conducting an impulse, (b) Local circuit current flow in the
myelinated nerve fiber.
Action potential propagation in myelinated neurons is faster than in unmyelinated neurons
because of saltatory conduction (150 m/s compared to 0.5 to 10 m/s).
• Resting membrane potential: -65mV
• Peak membrane potential: 50mV
• Na+ equilibrium potential: 60mV
• K+ equilibrium potential -80mV
Find gNa/gK at peak and at rest of action potential
• Resting membrane potential: -65mV +50mV

• Peak membrane potential: 50mV


• Na+ equilibrium potential: 60mV
• K+ equilibrium potential -80mV -65mV

Find gNa/gK at peak and at rest of action potential


KCL: INa = IK
A D INa =gNa VAB where VAB = VAC + VCB = -VCA + VCB
IK =gK VFD where VFD = VFG +VGD

=> = =

At rest: VCA = VGD = -65mV; VFG = 80mV; VCB = 60mV


= = 0.12

B F At peak: VCA = VGD = +50mV; VFG = 80mV; VCB = 60mV


80mV
= = 13
60mV
C G
Summary
• Generation of AP (Temporal Summation Process)
Vm(t) = Vo (1-
 τ = Rm Cm
• Propagation of AP (Saltatory Conduction Process)
Vm (x) = Vo
λ=
 Speed =
• Important roles of Node of Ranvier and Myelin
sheath
Võ Văn Tới
School of Biomedical Engineering
International University of Vietnam National Universities
HCM City, Vietnam
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.hcmiu.edu.vn/bme

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