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Chapter 6 Lesson 1 1

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Chapter 6 Lesson 1 1

Uploaded by

Kathlyn Buena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 6

LESSON 1:
Collecting Data Through
Observation and Interviews
2

INTRODUCTION

▸ The basic and common methods of data


collection used in qualitative research are
observations and interviews.
▸ The choice of the method is dependent on
the needs of the research.
3

▸ The researcher may adopt a variety of


research technique, or combinations of the
methods.
▸ This chapter will introduce you to
techniques and methods commonly used in
qualitative research.
4

METHODS
OF DATA
COLLECTIO
N IN
QUALITATIV
E RESEARCH
5

OBSERVATIO
N
“
▸ Observation is a preferred tool for
collecting data where the use of
interviews and questionnaires are not
possible such as when the study
participants are very young children
and those with disabilities
7

When using the observation method, you use


senses to observe and study people in their natural
settings. It involves observing behavior and
recording the results of your observations using the
following systematic guidelines:

1. Observations should be certain and carefully


planned. Pre-planned research questions serve as
guide throughout the process.
8

2. An observation checklist should be prepared prior


to the observation process. This shall be used for
recording observations. A video recording may also
be used when observing behavioral data that you
want to measure or collect.
3. Both qualitative and quantitative research
methods may be used for data analysis. Observation
can be used within any research strategy.
9

▸In covert ▸ In overt


research, the fact research, the
that they are participants are
observed is not informed about
known to the the observation
participants. taking place.
10

TWO TYPES OF OBSERVATION

1. Structured 2. Unstructured
Observation Observation
11

ADVANTAGES

▸ 1. It is the most direct measure of behavior.


▸ 2. It provides direct information.
▸ 3. It is easy to complete and is efficient.
▸ 4. It can be used in natural or experimental
settings.
12

DISADVANTAGES

▸ 1. It may require training.


▸ 2. It is susceptible to bias.
▸ 3. Observer's presence may create an artificial situation.
▸ 4. It can potentially overlook meaningful aspects.
▸ 5, It is open to misinterpretation.
▸ 6. It is difficult to analyze.
13

INTERVIEW
14

An interview is a personal conversation


between two or more people which constitute the
target population for the purpose of collecting
information for a research project.
Interviews are used to explore the opinions,
beliefs, viewpoints, thoughts, experiences and
judgements about something.
15

The interview method is preferred by


researchers on qualitative research projects due to its
high response rate, longer time and opportunity to
view behaviors and listen to personal views and
perceptions about a research topic or interest.
16

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

1. Structured interviews are verbally


administered questionnaires, in which a list of
predetermined questions is asked with little or no
variation and with no scope for follow-up
questions to responses that warrant further
elaboration.
17

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS
2. Unstructured interviews do not reflect any pre-
conceived theories or ideas and are performed with
little or no organization. Such an interview may simply
start with an opening question such as "Can you tell me
about your experience of visiting the doctor?"
Unstructured interviews are usually very time-
consuming and can be difficult to manage and to
participate in.
18

TYPES OF INTERVIEWS

3. Semi-structured interviews consist of


several key questions that help to define the
areas to be explored, but also allows the
interviewer or interviewee to diverge in order to
pursue an idea or response in more detail.
19
INTERVIEWING GROUPS OF PEOPLE FOR
RESEARCH
When interviewing an individual to obtain
detailed information or perception about a program
or issue, it is usually referred to as in-depth
interview. In - depth interview is used if
respondents are not comfortable discussing in a
group.
20
INTERVIEWING GROUPS OF PEOPLE FOR
RESEARCH
Focus groups are used when your research
interest is on the cultural nor is of a group of
people. You will be able to generate views,
perceptions, practices and beliefs on issues unique
to the cultural groups or subgroups represented.
21

HOW TO RECORD THE INTERVIEW

1. Taking notes
2. Audio recordings
3. Video recordings
22

OTHER WAYS TO INTERVIEW

1. Telephone interviews
2. Video link interviews like Skype, etc.
3. Audio link
4. Email
23

ADVANTAGES

Interviews are good at dealing with topics in


depth and in detail;
▸ 1. Interviews are flexible;
▸ 2. Interviews tend to prefer a conversation to a
dry questionnaire.
24

DISADVANTAGES

▸ 1. Interviews are time consuming;


▸ 2. Interviews can be unreliable, misleading;
▸ 3. Interviews require good social skills
▸ 4. Interviews are not appropriate for making
generalizations.
25

THANKS!
Any questions?

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