Linear Circuit Analysis (EE-111)

Lecture-4
Exercise Problems

Dr. Imtiaz Hussain

Assistant Professor (Control Systems),
Department of Electronic and Power Engineering
PNEC-NUST, Karachi, Pakistan
email: [email protected]
URL :http://imtiazhussainkalwar.weebly.com/

Fall 2021
1st Semester

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 Example-4.1
• The charge entering a certain element is shown in following figure. Find the
current at (a) (b) (c)

Solution: Use the waveform to write the equation

of charge from to .

• Response is a straight line between the points and

𝑦 − 𝑦 1=𝑚 ( 𝑥 − 𝑥 1) (Equation of straight line)

30 𝑚𝐶 − 0
𝑞 − 0= (𝑡 −0)
2𝑚𝑠 −0
𝑞=15 𝑡 C
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 Example-4.1
• The charge entering a certain element is shown in following figure. Find the
current at (a) (b) (c)

• Relation between current and charge is

𝑑𝑞
𝑖≜
𝑑𝑡
𝑑
𝑖= ( 15 𝑡 )
𝑑𝑡

𝑖=15 𝐴

Answers (b) (c) 3

 Example-4.1
• The charge entering a certain element is shown in following figure. Find the
current at (a) (b) (c)

• It can be written as

{
15 𝑡 𝐶 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
𝑞 ( 𝑡 )= 30 𝑚𝐶 , 2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 8
− 7.5 𝑡 + 90 𝑚𝐶 , 8 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 12

𝑖(𝑡)( 𝐴)

15

{
15 𝐴 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
𝑖 (𝑡)= 0 𝐴, 2 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 8
0 2 4 6 8 10 12𝑡 (𝑚𝑠)
− 7.5 𝐴 , 8 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 12
−15
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 Example-4.2
• The charge flowing in a wire is plotted in figure below.
Sketch the corresponding current.

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 Example-4.3
• The current flowing past a point in a device is shown in following
figure. Calculate the total charge through the point.

• Solution: Write the equation of current from the given graph

𝑖 (𝑡)= {
10𝑡 𝑚𝐴 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 1
10 𝑚𝐴 , 1≤ 𝑡 ≤ 2
• Charge can be calculates as

𝑡 2 1 2

𝑞 ≜∫ 𝑖 𝑑𝑡 𝑞=∫ 𝑖(𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 𝑞=∫ 10 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 +∫ 10 𝑑𝑡

𝑡𝑜 0 0 1
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 Example-4.3
1 2
𝑞=∫ 10 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 +∫ 10 𝑑𝑡
0 1
• Evaluating it further

[{ } ]
2 1
𝑡 2
𝑞=10 + { 𝑡 }1
2 0

𝑞=10
[{ 1
2 }
− 0 + {2 − 1 }
]
𝑞=10
[{ 1
2 }
− 0 + {2 − 1 }
]
𝑞=15 𝑚𝐶

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 Example-4.4
• If the current flowing through an element is given by

{
3 𝑡 𝐴 ,0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 6 𝑠
18 𝐴 , 6 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 10 𝑠
𝑖 (𝑡)=
− 12 𝐴 , 1 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 15 𝑠
0 𝐴 ,𝑡 ≥15 𝑠
• Plot the charge stored in the element over

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 Example-4.5
• Following figure shows a circuit with five elements. If , and . Calculate
the power received or delivered by element 3.

• Solution: Total supplied power in a circuit is always equal to

consumed power.

𝑝 1 +𝑝 2 +𝑝 3 +𝑝 4 + 𝑝5 =0
−205 +6 0 +𝑝 3 + 4 5+ 3 0=0
𝑝 3= 70 𝑊

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 Example-4.6
• Find the power absorbed by each of the elements in figure below.

• Solution: For , the current is flowing out of the positive

terminal; hence
𝑝 1=𝑉 × 𝐼

𝑝 1=30 × ( − 10 )

𝑝 1=− 300 𝑊
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 Example-4.6
• Find the power absorbed by each of the elements in figure below.

• For and , the current flows into the positive terminal, therefore

𝑝 2=𝑉 × 𝐼 𝑝 3=𝑉 × 𝐼

𝑝 2=1 0 × 10 𝑝 3= 2 0 ×14

𝑝 2=1 00 𝑊 𝑝 3=28 0 𝑊
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 Example-4.6
• Find the power absorbed by each of the elements in figure below.

• For and , the current flows out of the positive terminal, therefore

𝑝 4 =𝑉 × 𝐼 𝑝 5=𝑉 × 𝐼
𝑝 4 =8 ×(− 4 ) 𝑝 5=12 ×(− 0.4 𝐼 )
𝑝 4 =− 32𝑊 𝑝 5=− 4.8 × 10 𝑊
𝑝 5=− 48 𝑊
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 Example-4.7
• Find and the power absorbed by each element in the following network.

• Solution: Current supplied by the source is .

𝐼 𝑠 =2+ 𝐼

𝐼=𝐼𝑠 − 2
𝐼 =6 𝐴

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 Example-4.7
• Find and the power absorbed by each element in the following network.
6𝐴

𝑝3
𝑝2
𝑝1
𝑝4

• Power absorbed/supplied by each element can be calculated as

𝑝 1=𝑉 × 𝐼 𝑝 2=𝑉 × 𝐼 𝑝 3=𝑉 × 𝐼 𝑝 4 =𝑉 × 𝐼

𝑝 1= 9× ( − 8 ) 2 𝑝 3= 3 × 6 𝑝 4 =6 × 6

𝑝 1=− 72𝑊 𝑝 2=18 𝑊 𝑝 3= 18 𝑊 𝑝 4 =36 𝑊

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END OF LECTURE-4

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