EXAMINATION

MALPRACTIC
E: STEMMING
THE TIDE OF
THE MENACE

DR A. OSOBA &
MR A.M. AKINBULUMA
 OUTLINE
EDUCATION AND EXAMINATION

EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

FORMS OF EXAMINATION
MALPRACTICE AT WASSCE
SANCTIONS FOR EACH FORMS

WAEC’S INTERVENTIONS

CONSEQUENCIES
-

WAY FORWARD
 EDUCATION
•THE FOUNDATION ON
WHICH NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT DEPENDS.
•SELF-RELIANT
•CONTRIBUTE THEIR
QUOTAS
•GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES,
NATIONS AND THE WORLD.
 EDUCATION
•EDUCATION MAKES INDIVIDUAL
TO ACQUIRE KNOWLEDGE AND
SKILLS NEEDED TO CREATE
VALUE AND ESTABLISH MEANS
OF LIVELIHOOD.

•ALSO TO SATISFY INNATE

CURIOSITY AND
•FOR OVERALL PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT.
PURPOSE OF THIS
SEMINAR
TO SENSITISE
STUDENTS AND
TEACHERS AS
CRITICAL
STAKEHOLDERS ON
THE IMPLICATION OF
EXAMINATION
MALPRACTICE ON THE
NATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT IN
ORDER TO ERADICATE
THE MENACE.
EDUCATION AND
EXAMINATIONS
EXAMINATION IS AN
ASSESSMENT TOOL USED
TO DETERMINE WHAT HAS
BEEN LEARNT & TO
CONFIRM IF LEARNERS
CAN USE PREVIOUSLY
LEARNT KNOWLEDGE ON
THEIR OWN AND IT’S A
GREAT COMPANION FOR
TEACHING AND LEARNING
EXAMINATION
MALPRACTICE
ANY IRREGULAR
BEHAVIOUR EXHIBITED
BY A CANDIDATE OR
ANYBODY CHARGED
WITH THE
RESPONSIBILITY OF
CONDUCTING
EXAMINATIONS INSIDE
OR OUTSIDE THE
EXAMINATION HALL,
BEFORE, DURING OR
AFTER SUCH
EXAMINATIONS.
 WAEC

THE SIERRA
GHANA LIBERIA NIGERIA
GAMBIA LEONE

WASSCE (SC) WASSCE(PC 1 &2 )

In Nigeria, admittance into
universities and other post-
secondary institutions is
contingent upon achieving
credit pass scores at
WASSCE.
SOME FACTORS POOR ATTITUDE TO STUDY
RESPONSIBLE
FOR LACK OF SELF-
DEPENDENCE
EXAMINATION
MALPRACTICE PEER GROUPS

LOW SELF-EFFICACY
SOME FACTORS LOW MORAL VALUES
RESPONSIBLE
FOR PARENTAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
EXAMINATION PRESSURE

MALPRACTICE DEAD CONSCIENCE AMONG

STAKEHOLDERS

CANDIDATE'S ANXIETY TO
MEET UP WITH SOCIETAL
EXPECTATIONS
RECOMMENDATION NAMING AND SHAMING
S ON HOW TO CURB PERPETRATORS

EXAMINATION DEVELOPING A POSITIVE

MALPRACTICE ATTITUDE TOWARDS
STUDYING

STRATEGIES TO ELIMINATE
EXAMS ANXIETY

DESISTING FROM
UNACCEPTABLE
BEHAVIOUR AMONG PEERS
RECOMMENDATION ENGAGE ONLY HONEST
S ON HOW TO CURB EXAMS OFFICIALS

EXAMINATION
IMPROVED READING
MALPRACTICE CULTURE

BELIEVE IN YOURSELF AND

YOUR ABILITY
 NOMINATION OF RELIABLE

1 SUPERVISORS BY PRINCIPALS FROM

THEIR SCHOOLS

WAEC’S
INTERVENTION 2 USE OF BIOMETRIC DEVICES
DURING REGISTRATION

S AT CURBING
3
QUESTION PAPERS ARE LOCKED IN
SECURITY BAGS FROM CUSTODIAL
THE MENACE POINT TO SCHOOLS

4 BRIEFING OF PRINCIPALS AND

SUPERVISORS

5 WRAPPING OF QUESTION PAPERS

TIGHTLY
 USE OF CIVAMPEMS DEVICE TO
6 VERIFY CANDIDATES’ BIO DATA
ACCOMPANYING CANDIDATES TO

WAEC’S 7 REST ROOM DURING

EXAMINATION

INTERVENTION
S CONT… 8 SWAPPING OF SUPERVISORS DURING
THE CONDUCT OF EXAMINATION

9 WAEC’S SITTING ARRANGEMENT

SPECIFICATION OF 4FT BY 5FT APART

10 MULTIPLE SUPERVISORS TO
SUPERVISE EXAMINATION IN
MULTIPLE CLASSROOMS
 11
USING OF METAL DETECTORS TO CHECK FOR
PHONES AND OTHER ELECTRONIC DEVICES

ENFORCEMENT OF CANDIDATES

WAEC’S 12 SITTING ACCORDING TO THEIR

NUMBER

INTERVENTION ENSURING THAT CANDIDATES’

S CONT… 13 IDENTITY CARD ARE WITH THEM

DURING EXAMINATION

14 USE OF PHOTO ALBUM TO VERIFY

CANDIDATES’ IDENTITY

15 KEEPING OF THE KEYS TO THE

SECURITY BAGS IN THE CUSTODY OF
PRINCIPALS
 BLACKLISTING OF SUPERVISORS
AND INVIGILATORS INVOLVED IN
16 EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
CANCEL SUBJECT RESULT(S) OR

WAEC’S 17 ENTIRE RESULTS OR BAR

CANDIDATES

INTERVENTION
S CONT… 18 DE-RECOGNITION OF SCHOOLS

19 REPORTING ERRING OFFICIALS TO

THE SUPERVISING AUTHORITIES

20 WITHDRAWAL OF RECOGNITION OF
SCHOOLS INVOLVED IN
EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE
Incidences of Malpractice in WASSCE for School Candidates 2017 – 2023 in Nigeria

YEAR ENTRY TOTAL SAT NUMBER PERCENTAGE

INVOLVED INVOLVED

2017 1,567,016 1,559,126 209,870 13.46

2018 1,578,845 1,572,259 144,110 9.07
2019 1,596,162 1,585,758 178,850 11.26
2020 1,549,740 1,538,353 210,108 13.66
2021 1,573,849 1,560,211 167,198 10.72
2022 1,607,982 1,600,997 357,594 22.34
2023 1,621,884 1,613,705 225,286 15.82
 PERCETANGE OF CANDIDATES INVOLVED IN EXAMINATION MAL-
PRACTICE FROM 2017 TO 2023 IN NIGERIA
25

22.34
PERCENTAGE OF CANDIDATES INVOLVED

20

15.82
15
13.46 13.66

11.26 10.72
10 9.07

0
1

2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

 FORMS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AND THEIR SANCTIONS
S/N FORMS OF MALPRACTICE SANCTIONS

1. Bringing of foreign materials into the examination hall such as: CSR
textbooks, prepared materials/cribs, blank pieces of paper or any other
printed material;

2. Irregular activities inside or outside the examination hall such as: CER
stealing, substituting worked scripts during or after the examination, and
sending information to candidates in the examination hall;

3. Collusion examples are: CSR &

passing notes, receiving or giving assistance to other candidates. WARN
4. Impersonation, that is: CER &
hiring another person to write an examination on behalf of another person.
BAR

5. Foreknowledge, that is:

candidates and/or members of the public having knowledge of the content of CER
examination question paper(s) after release from the Council’s custody but
before the scheduled time of examination.

6. Mass cheating: CSR &

WARN
that is large-scale organised cheating involving school authorities, candidates,
and examination officials.
7. Insult/Assault on Supervisors/Invigilators/Inspectors by candidates. Examples CER
are;
beating up examination officials, damaging/destruction of examination officials’
property, and having offensive weapons and chemicals at the examination
venue.

8. Contravention of instructions to candidates, that is; CSR

refusal to write names and/or index numbers on answer booklets/scripts and

question papers, using a pencil to write as against expressed instructions not to
do so.

9. Multiple registration/registration of unqualified candidates. CER

10. Destruction of exhibits, that is; destruction of evidence of malpractice. CER

11. Posting live questions on the internet, that is; CER

posting/receiving live questions/ answers on the internet via social
media;

12. Refusal to grant timely access into the school premises/examination hall CER

13. Misconduct of examination officials, inside or outside the examination CER

hall, or school authority offering a bribe to examination officials before,
during or after the period of the conduct of examination.
FORMS OF EXAMINATION
MALPRACTICE 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Bringing foreign materials into the
0.06 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.09
examination hall
Caught with mobile phones 0.06 0.1 0.08 0.11 0.1 0.08
Irregular activities inside or outside the
0.5 0.37 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.24
examination hall
Collusion 8.4 10.68 13.38 10.4 22.05 15.56
Impersonation 0.08 0.07 0.03 0.07 0.06 0.04
Mass cheating 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.011 0.04 0.02
Insult/Assault on Supervisors,
Invigilators and other examination 0.01 0.01 0 0.005 0 0
officials
Contravention of instructions to
0.01 0.01 0.01 0.003 0.006 0.02
candidates
Multiple registration 0.22 0.18 0.03 0.013 0.01 0.002
 FINDINGS
ALL INTERVENTION
WERE IMPLEMENTED
TO CERTAIN DEGREE
EXCEPT
 NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF SOME
FACTORS SUPERVISORS AND PRINCIPALS

MILITATING OVERPOPULATION OF CANDIDATES

AGAINST FULL IN SOME SCHOOLS

IMPLEMENTATION
NON-AVAILABILITY OF METAL
OF SOME DETECTORS
INTERVENTIONS NON-FUNCTIONING OF SOME
BIOMETRIC DEVICES
 TIMELY ARRIVAL OF QUESTION
PAPERS TO THE EXAMINATION
CENTRE
SUGGESTIONS ON
HOW TO CURB WASSCE SHOULD BE
EXAMINATION CONDUCTED AS COMPUTER-
MALPRACTICE BASED EXAMINATION

SENSITISATION OF
STAKEHOLDERS
Candidates
should
Teachers
Should adopt
Different
Teaching
Strategies
Parents
Should encourage
their children to
study
Principals
Should adhere
strictly to
examination rules
and regulations
Examining
Bodies
Should sensitise
stakeholders against
examination
malpractice
Government
Should equip
schools with
enough learning
resources