Historical Background of Land

Transportation
Module 1

 Langam, Vanessa Mae  Langbayan, Edier

 Naparan, Lealyn  Aranes, Remel Jade
 Suminlay, Ian  Mancia, Joseph Rex
 Historical Background of Land
Transportation
Manpower, Animal Power,
and Wind Power
Wheeled Vehicles and Road
History
Evolution of Motor Vehicles
 MANPOWER, ANIMAL
POWER, AND WIND POWER
Transportation- is the movement or conveying
of persons and goods from one
location to another.
- from the latin word “Terans”
meaning accross or move and
“portare” means carry
 Various Ancient Modes of Transportation

A. MANPOWER

-who had no domesticated

animals, carried his own burdens.
 1. Walking (travelling by foot)
-that man first used the power of his
own feet and travelling while a load is
either carried or dragged.
2. CARRYING POLE

- balance on one
shoulder is a
popular carrying
device.
 3. Back Load and Tumpline

-In subtemala, -An the

pots are carried
Andres, the
on a wooden
framework load is held on
supported by a the back by a
tumpline across strap passing
the forehead over the chest
4. Sledge on rollers

-the moving of heavy burdens was

to place them on sledge which
rested on series of rollers.
5. Sledge on Runners

-a simple sledge, probably man drawn, was in

use at the end of the Old Stone Age in
Northern Europe, as a evidence by fragments
of wooden runners which survived.
 6. Travois

-as the pole arrangement called, serves as a

platform on which the burdens are placed. he
platform or crossed-beam poles are then
dragged by humans or animals.
B. ANIMAL POWER
-The domestication of animals greatly
increased the potential power available for
transportation. Pack animals where
introduced as conveyances mainly to save
labor.
4.
REINDEER
5.DONKEY
LLAMA
DOG
OX ELEPHANT
CAMEL
HORSE
YAK
 C. WIND POWER

Man realized the energy from

the mass of moving air and learned
to utilize such powers to lift rather
than to drag.
 1. Ancient Chinese Kite

-kite was first used for

transport when a Korean
general employed one in
bridge building.
Leonardo da Vinci 2. Da Vinci’s Ornithopter
-Orthopter derives its principal
support and propelling from
flapping wings like those of a
bird.
 3. Montgolfier Balloon
-It is constructed of linen and
inflated with hot air travelled
9,000 yards and remained in the
air for 20 minutes.

4. Siemens’ Rocket Plane

Ernst Werner Von Siemens who later
achieved fame as an electric industrialist, in
1847 designed rocket plane plane which was
to be propelled the explosive force of
gunpowder.
 5. Lilienthal Glider
-Otto Lilienthal made the first of a
number of a glider flight which were to
exert a profound influence on the
development of aviation.

6. Santos Dumots Airship

-Alberto Santos Dumont was a

brazilian who experimented with
the steam-powered ballons in
Paris.
 7. Wright Brothers Flying Machine
-Wright brother built biplane kite
then over 200 different wing types
which they tested in a wind tunnel
of their own invention.
Orville and Wilbur Wright

8. Lindbergh’s Spirit of St. Louis

-Airplane in which Charles
Lindbergh made the first nonstop solo
flight across the Atlantic Ocean
 WHEELED VEHICLES AND ROAD HISTORY
The following are some of the inventions and innovation and importants
events that lead to modern transportation:

A. WHEEL
-was invented probably in Western Asia- such invention was a
milestone and great step forward in transportation. It is also
one of man’s great inventions. It enabled him to transport
burdens beyond the power of man or animals to carry or drag.

Ljubljana Marshes Wooden Wheel

-the oldest wheelever found in Europe or anywhere in the
world.
 Some of the earliest types of wheeled carts:

1. Solid Wheels on Fixed Axle

-Its solid wheels, which were made of
a single piece of wood, rotated on
single axle.

2. Sumerian Chariot with Flank Wheels

-had solid wheels built up of three
pieces, and so was more durable than
the one-piece wheel.
 4. Greek Quadrica with spoked wheels
-drawn by four horses, was a light and elegant
vehicle for gentleman.
-It had spoked wheels and axles of irons or
bronze, handles for aid in mounting, and seat
formed by a board placed across the handles

5. Italian Cocchio

-a travelling wagon in which the passengers were

protected by a covering of leather fixed over a
wooden framework.
B. ANCIENT ROME
The ff are the ancient wheeled vehicles:

Sarracum
Carpentum
Basterna
Carruca
Arcera
Arcima
Benna
Cisium
Pilentum
TensaPlaustrum
Carrus
Raeda
Four-wheeled
C. WHEELED VEHICLES AND CARRIAGES
-could not use the narrow paths and trails used by pack animals, and early roads were soon
built to accomodate the larger transportation vehicles .
D. THE ROMANS
-the major road builders in the ancient world. The romans road network
reached a total of about 50,000 miles (80,000 kms.)

E. JOHN L. MACADAM
-did not abandon the theory of feeder road building and perfected the macadamized road in
England.
F. AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMANS
-in the 5th century, the land haulage generally declined because highways suffered
from inadequate maintenance.
 EVOLUTION OF MOTOR VEHICLES

A. STEAM ENGINE
-was perfected in the 1760’s by
James Watt. The invetion provided
power for many industries and
factories in England.
B. By the end of 18th century, French, Scottish, and American
inventors attempted to apply the steam engine in water navigation.
 Frenchman Jacq Perier- built an steamboat in 1775
 Robert Fulton- launched the steamboat Clermont on the Hudson River in 1807
 Savannah- crossed the Atlantic in 1819 and by the 19th cry, steam navigation
replaced the sailing vessels.

C. RAILROADS
1. Richard Trevithick adapted the
primitive steam locomotives to the mine
railway.
2. George Stephenson built and equipped the 32-
km stockton and Darlington railway.
3. United States
D. SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT ROAD VEHICLE began with the
adaption of COACH SPRING.
E. IN THE MID-18th CENTURY, ENGLISH ROADS

F. JOHN PALMER introduced his first fast mail coach in March 1785
and by 1800
G. THE INVENTIONS OF BICYCLE- one of modern ancestors of the modern
bicycle was the HOBBY HORSE or dan horse.
1. KARL VON DRAIS 2. KIRKPATRICK MACMILLAN
H. MOTOR VEHICLE
-the first mode of transportation to challenge the railroad.

The following are some of the notable events leading to the inventions of motorized vehicle
for road traffic:
Charles
Christian
Gaston
Edouard Dr.
Robert
Henry
Amedee
Plante
Felix
Jean
Charles
Nicolas
Lenoir’s
Richard
John
George
Siegfried
William
Walter
Enrico
Samuel Goodyear
Friedrich
J.W.
William
SethCarhatrt
Wankel
& Schontein
Bollee
Anyos
Taylor
Thomson
J.Trevitchick
Ferdinand Lenoir Jedlik
Delamare-Deboutteville
Rudolf
Oliver
Josef
Henry
Karl
and
Boyd
Daimler
Joseph
Hippomobile
Hancock
B.
Bernardi
Frank
Bozek
Benz
Murdoch
Evans
Brown
Diesel
Ford
Marcus
Verbiest
Dunlop
Selden
Cugnot
Duryea

-discovered in principle the hydrogen

fuel cell (diesel), one of the
technologies hailed as a
replacement for gasoline as an
energy source for cars.

Gaston
Father of Vulcanization
Anyos