Software modle

approches
Alaa Abojazia 4435
Maram alzwai 4410
Shora alkwafy 4488
Mariam Khaled 4503

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 Table of contents

01 What is information system

02 List pros & cons of buying
and building SW

03 Identify waterfall & Agile

approaches ,explain the goal of
04 Describe the 3 approaches of
system cutover
each phase(waterfall) .

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 01 What is information system
• An Information System (IS) is a combination of technology, people, and processes that work together to collect,
process, store, and distribute information. Here’s a simplified breakdown:

Key Components

1. Hardware:
o Physical devices like computers, servers, and networking equipment.

2. Software:
o Programs and applications that run on the hardware, such as operating systems and database management systems.

3. Data:
o Information that is processed and stored by the system, like customer records or sales data.

4. People:
o Users who interact with the system, including IT professionals and end-users.

5. Processes:
o The rules and procedures for collecting, processing, and managing data.
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 01 What is information system

Types of Information Systems

1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS):

o Handle day-to-day business transactions (e.g., sales, payroll).

2. Management Information Systems (MIS):

o Provide regular reports for management to track operations.

3. Decision Support Systems (DSS):

o Help in making complex decisions using data analysis.

4. Executive Information Systems (EIS):

o Provide top executives with easy access to important information.

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 01 What is information system

Benefits
 Efficiency:
o Automates routine tasks, saving time and effort.
 Better Decisions:
o Provides accurate information for informed decision-making.
 Improved Communication:
o Enhances communication within the organization.
 Increased Productivity:
o Streamlines processes, allowing employees to focus on important tasks.

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 02 List pros & cons of buying and building SW
Cons Pros Strategy

Unmodified, the software may not A software solution can be Buy

be a good match to an acquired and deployed relatively
.organization's needs .quickly

Maintenance and support costs can An organization can "test drive"

.become excessive .software before acquiring it

The cost to build a system can be Customized software is more likely Build
quite high compared to the cost of to be a good match to an
.purchasing off-the-shelf software .organization's needs

Customized software can take A custom application provides the

months or even years to deploy potential to achieve
.competitive advantage

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 03 Identify waterfall & Agile approaches ,explain the goal of
each phase(waterfall) .

• Waterfall system development process: A sequential, multistage system development

process in which work on the next phase can not start till the results of the current stage
are reviewed and approved or modified as necessary.

• The waterfall uses an approach with six phases: investigation, analysis, design,
construction, integration and testing, and implementation, At the end of each stage , a
review is conducted to ensure that all tasks and deliverables connected with that stage
were produced and that they are of good quality

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 03 Identify waterfall & Agile approaches ,explain the goal of
each phase(waterfall) .
Waterfall phases :
1. System investigation: purpose is to gain a clear understanding of the specifics of the problem to solve
or the opportunity to address

2. System Analysis: prioritized list of system requirements and a recommendation of how to proceed
with the project

3. System Design: initiate a complete set of technical specifications that can be used to construct the
information system

4. Construction: converts the system design into an operational system by coding and testing software
programs

5. Integration and Testing: Several types of testing must be conducted before a new or modified
information system is ready to be put into production.

6. Implementation: A number of steps are involved in system implementation.

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 03 Identify waterfall & Agile approaches ,explain the goal of
each phase(waterfall) .

• System Operation and Maintenance : The steps involved in system operation and maintenance.

o Operation
o Maintenance

• Operation System: operation involves the use of a new or modified system under all kinds of operating
conditions.

• System maintenance: is a stage of system development that involves changing and enhancing the
system to make it more useful in achieving user and organizational goals

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 03 Identify waterfall & Agile approaches ,explain the goal of
each phase(waterfall) .

• Agile development: An iterative , incremental system development process that develops the system in
"sprint“ increments lasting from two weeks to two months.

• Scrum: An agile development framework that emphasizes a team based approach in order to keep the
development effort focused and moving quickly.

• It prioritized list of project requirements called a product backlog , Next, a sprint planning session is held,
during which the team choose the highest priority requirements from the top of the product backlog to
create the sprint backlog, then decide how to implement those requirements.

• The sprint is complete when the team presents a working system that incorporates the new requirements
and that can be used and evaluated, During the sprint review meeting, the team shares what it learned
from the current sprint iteration so that knowledge can be used in the next sprint iteration.

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 03 Identify waterfall & Agile approaches ,explain the goal of
each phase(waterfall) .

• Extreme programming (XP): A form of agile software development that promotes incremental
development of a system using short development cycles to improve productivity and to accommodate
new customer requirements.

• DevOps: The practice of blending the tasks performed by the development and IT operations groups to
enable faster and more reliable software releases.

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 04 Describe the 3 approaches of system cutover

Cutover: The process of switching from an old information system to a replacement system.

• Direct conversion: A cutover strategy that involves stopping the old system and starting the new system on a
given date; also called plunge or direct cutover.

• Phase-in approach: A cutover strategy that involves slowly replacing components of the old system with those
of the new one; this process is repeated for each application until the new system is running every application
and performing as expected; also called a piecemeal approach. *Pilot start-up: A cutover strategy that involves
running the complete new system for one group of users rather than for all users

• Parallel start-up: A cutover strategy that involves running both the old and new systems for a period of time and
closely comparing the output of the new system with the output of the old system; any differences are
reconciled. When users are comfortable that the new system is working correctly, the old system is eliminated.

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Thanks !
Reference : principles-information-systems-13 th

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