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Armature Reaction in Alternator

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35 views

Armature Reaction in Alternator

Uploaded by

Emperor Tinkle
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ARMATURE REACTION

IN ALTERNATOR
Presented By-: Hitesh Tanwar
ARMATURE REACTION

The effect of armature winding mmf or flux on the


main working flux created by field poles is
called the armature reaction.
NO-LOAD OPERATION

As mentioned earlier, the current through the armature winding of


alternator is zero for no-load operation; therefore there will not be
any armature reaction. When the field winding is excited by a DC
source and the alternator / generator is brought up to
synchronous speed by adjusting the speed of prime-mover, no load
voltage or excitation voltage is generated across the alternator
armature terminals
Ef = √2πfNphKwØf
Where Ef, Nph, Kw and Øf are excitation voltage, number of series turns
per phase, winding factor and filed flux respectively
UNITY POWER FACTOR LOAD

 The mmf set up by the armature current is called the


armature reaction mmf

Fr = Ff + Fa
If we neglect the saturation, then the field flux Øf and
armature flux Øa will be along their respective mmf
wave. This is shown in the figure. Thus we can say that,
armature reaction flux lags behind the field flux by 90
degree. Therefore, armature reaction mmf at unity
power factor is entirely cross-magnetizing in nature.
ZERO POWER FACTOR LAGGING
LOAD

Zero power factor lagging load means that the load current
is lagging behind the excitation voltage by 90 degree.
 The excitation emf lags the field mmf by 90 degree.
 As saturation is neglected, the filed flux will be along the field mmf.
 Armature reaction mmf is along the armature current.

From the above phasor diagram, it is clear that armature reaction mmf F a is in
opposition of field mmf Øf. This means that the resultant air-gap mmf will
be equal to (Ff – Fa). Thus under zero power factor lagging loading
condition of alternator, the effect of armature reaction mmf is purely
demagnetizing.
ZERO POWER FACTOR LEADING
LOAD

The condition of zero pf leading load may be depicted by phasor diagram in


the same way that for zero pf lagging load. This is shown below.
From the above phasor, it is clear that armature reaction mmf is in the direction
of field mmf. Thus the effect of armature reaction mmf under zero power
factor leading loads is purely magnetizing.
LAGGING POWER FACTOR LOAD

Lagging power factor loads are more common. So let us consider a general
case of armature current Ia lagging the excitation voltage E f by angle Ɵ.
This means that the load power factor is cosθ.
For a lagging pf load having pf angle θ, the current in coil a and a’ will be
maximum when the field poles have advance by θ degree in space. In other
words, by the time armature current in coil a, a’ attains maximum value
with the same polarity i.e. dot in coil side “a”, the rotor poles N, S would
have moved forward by θ degree as shown in figure below.
The resultant of rotating armature mmf Fa is directed vertically upward
along the axis of phase “a”, because this phase carries the maximum
current at the instant considered. Thus the armature reaction mmf F a is
lagging behind the filed mmf Øf by (90+θ) degree. Let us now draw the
phasor diagram.
The armature reaction mmf can be resolved into two components: One
along the excitation voltage Ef(FaCosθ) and another opposite to the field
mmf Ff (FaSinθ). Thus we can say that, the effect of armature reaction in
lagging pf load is cross-magnetizing as well as demagnetizing in nature.

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