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1 CBSE VIII Math Rational Numbers

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7 views14 pages

1 CBSE VIII Math Rational Numbers

Uploaded by

prathmeshbhure789
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject: Mathematics

Topic: Rational Numbers

Grade: VIII

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 1 of 14


What are natural numbers?

Counting numbers from 1, 2, 3, 4, …

If we add a 0 to this set, which set of numbers do we get?

Whole numbers

Name
So,the set ofset
which numbers which
is bigger, is bigger
natural than the
numbers or set of whole
whole numbers?
numbers?

Integers

So, what are integers?

The set of positive numbers, negative numbers and zero.

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 2 of 14


What is the simplest form of
6
? 3
8
4

What kind of a
Fraction
number is it?
In which set of numbers can fractions fit?
Rational
Numbers
Rational numbers
Integers

Whole
Numbers

Natural
Numbers

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 3 of 14


Rational Numbers
p
A number of the form where p and q are integers and p  0 is
q
called a rational number. Rational
Numbers

Integers

Whole
Numbers

Natural
Numbers

The set of rational numbers is denoted by ‘Q’.


CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 4 of 14
Positive & Negative Rational Numbers
When the numerator and denominator both
are positive integers or both are negative integers, it
is a positive rational number.
Rational numbers are

Positive
classified as

Zero

Negative

When either the numerator or the denominator is


a negative integer, it is a negative rational number.

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 5 of 14


Positive & Negative Rational Numbers
Identify whether the given rational numbers are positive or negative.

10
Positive
4

8
Negative
5

1
Negative
9

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 6 of 14


Equivalent Rational Numbers
Two rational numbers are said to be equivalent if they have the same
value.

The numerator and the denominator of a rational number can be


multiplied or divided by the same non-zero integer without changing
the value of the rational number.

In case two rational numbers are equivalent, then their cross products
are equal.
5 4
Are and equivalent? No, because 5  5  4  6
6 5

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 7 of 14


Standard Form of a Rational Number

A rational number is said to be in its standard form, if


• The denominator is positive

• The number is in its lowest form

2 1
What is the standard form of ?
6 3

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 8 of 14


Comparison of Rational Numbers

Comparing rational numbers

Using number line Making denominators equal


. . Find LCM of
a<b Using cross products
denominators
a c
ad  bc  
b d

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 9 of 14


Using Number Line
We know that numbers are arranged in the ascending order on the number line as we
move from the left to the right. Thus, each number on the right is greater than the
number on its left.
Thus,
all positive rational numbers are greater than 0.
all positive rational numbers are greater than all negative rational numbers.
all negative rational numbers are less than 0.

3 1 7
Thus, to compare , and we can draw a number line as follows:
4 4 4

7 3 1
From the above number line we can say that   .
4 4 4

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 10 of 14


Using Cross Products
p x p x
If and are two rational numbers and p  y  q  x, then > .
q y q y
Consider the following
example.
4 5
Compare and .
5 6
On cross multiplying we get,
(  4)  6  (24) and ( 5)  5  (25)
Since (24)  (25)
4 5
 
5 6

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 11 of 14


Making Denominators Equal
Rational numbers can also be compared by finding a common
denominator for all the given rational numbers and then comparing their
numerators. A common denominator can be found by taking the LCM of
the denominators of the given rational numbers.
5 9
Compare and .
21 14
Writing the given rational number in the standard form we get,

LCM of denominators 21 and 14 is


2 × 3 × 7 = 42

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 12 of 14


Ordering Rational Numbers

1 2 5
To write the rational numbers  2, 1 , and in ascending order, we first find the LCM of denominators.
3 5 3
LCM of 3 and 5 is 15.

CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 13 of 14


CB/VIII/2122 Rational Numbers 14 of 14

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