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ENZYMES

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9 views25 pages

ENZYMES

Uploaded by

Ali Ashraf
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Enzymes

Objectives
• Can you explain the role of enzymes as
biological catalysts and how they are used in
metabolic reactions?
• How can enzyme function be affected by
temperature?
• Can you describe a simple controlled
experiment to show how enzyme activity is
affected by temperature?
• How are enzymes affected by pH?
Enzymes
What are enzymes?
• All chemical reactions that happen in a cell are
controlled by enzymes.
• Enzymes are biological catalysts.
• This means they speed up the reaction and do
not get used up in the reaction.
• They are all proteins which are coded for by
genes.
• The function of enzymes is to catalyse
metabolic reactions.
Enzymes

15
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes

15
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes

•
Enzymes
What are enzymes?
• Our body temperature is 37oC
• This is quite a low temperature for reactions
to take place.
• Without enzymes the reactions in our
bodies support our body’s
would occur too slowly to
needs.

4
Enzymes
How do enzymes work?

• Each enzyme has an active site.


• The molecule that it wants to help change is called
the substrate.
• The active site fits the substrate like a lock and a key.
Active site Substrate

Enzyme

5
Enzymes
How do enzymes work?

1 Substrate enters active site

Enzyme

6
Enzymes
How do enzymes work?

1 Substrate enters active site 2 An enzyme-substrate complex forms

Enzyme Enzyme

7
Enzymes
How do enzymes work?

1 Substrate enters active site 2

Enzyme Enzyme

Enzyme
Enzymes
How do enzymes work?

1 Substrate enters active site 2 An enzyme-substrate complex forms

Enzyme Enzyme

4 3
Reaction occurs

Enzyme
Enzyme

Products form and leave active site


Enzymes
How an enzyme catalyse a reaction ?

15
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes

Temperature
• Each enzyme has an optimum
temperature at which it works
best.

Rate of reaction
• Above this temp the shape of the
enzyme’s active site is changed
by the heat.
• The enzyme becomes 0 1
0
2
0
3
0
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
Temperature (oC)
DENATURED and stops working.
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes

15
Enzymes
Effect of temperature on enzymes catalysed reaction

15
Enzymes
Effect of pH on enzymes catalysed reaction

•
Enzymes
Factors affecting

pH
• The optimum pH for most
enzymes is pH 7.

Rate of reaction
• Although enzymes in the
stomach can work at pH 2.

5 6 7 8 9

pH
Enzymes
Effect of pH on enzymes catalysed reaction

15
Enzymes
ffecting enzymes

15
Enzymes

•
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes

Can you describe a simple controlled experiment to


show how enzyme activity is affected by
temperature?

• Amylase is a good enzyme to investigate.


• It is used in digestion to breakdown the starch
you eat into sugar.
• You can test for starch using iodine.
• If there is starch present the solution will
change colour from the initial brown/yellow
colour to blue/black.
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes
Enzymes
Factors affecting enzymes

• Choose five temperatures to investigate in the range of 10oC to


80oC.
• Repeat the same procedure for each temperature making sure
that all other variables are kept constant between each
experiment.
• For a control experiment you could use boiled amylase instead
of normal amylase.
• To make the experiment more reliable repeat each temperature
3 - 5 times and take the average time.
• Plot the results as a graph of temperature on the x-axis against
time on the y-axis.

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