Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE)

Oscillators

Course Title: Analog Electronic Circuit II

Course No.: ECE 2205
 Outline
1. Oscillator
2. Frequency and amplitude stability of oscillator
3. Phase shift oscillator
4. Assignment

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 Oscillator
An oscillator is a circuit that generates a repetitive
waveform of fixed amplitude and frequency without
any external input signal.

Barkhausen
Criteria

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 Oscillator
Aβ=1

Aβ>1

Aβ<1

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 How does an oscillator work?
An oscillator generates a
repetitive waveform without
any external input signal.
How can we get a output
without any input?
Thermal Noise

⮚ So output voltage starts rising

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 Application of oscillator
An oscillator can generate-
1. Sinusoidal signal
2. Square wave
3. Triangular wave

❑ Used in signal generator

❑ Used in modulator circuit to generate carrier
signal etc.

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7
Types of oscillator

1. RC oscillators
Wien Bridge
Phase-Shift
2. LC oscillators
Hartley
Colpitts
3.Crystal oscillators

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Tank circuit operation

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 Frequency Stability
The ability of an oscillator to oscillate at an exact
frequency is called frequency stability.
Cause of frequency deviation: Temperature changes,
device replacement, or parasitic elements

❑ The frequency stability can be described by Q

factor (or figure of merit). With higher Q factor, the
stability of frequency will be higher.
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 Amplitude Stability
The ability of an oscillator to oscillate with an exact
amplitude is called amplitude stability.
Cause of deviation in amplitude: Temperature
changes, age and operating point

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 Phase Shift Oscillator

Inverting
Op-Amp (A)

RC Circuit
(β)

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Phase Shift Oscillator
i
C

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 Phase Shift Oscillator
C C
But if, R=0
R Then, Gain=0

[Given, R=0]
C C C

R R

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 Phase Shift Oscillator
C C C

R R

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 Phase Shift Oscillator
C C C

R R

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 Phase Shift Oscillator
C C C

R R

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 Phase Shift Oscillator
For an oscillator,

Gain of the Op-Amp,

Gain of the RC feedback circuit,

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 Phase Shift Oscillator

Equating the imaginary parts of both sides, we get

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 Phase Shift Oscillator
Equating the real parts of both sides, we get

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 Amplitude Stability in Phase Shift Oscillator

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 Assignment
1. Explain the necessity of Frequency and Amplitude stability
of an oscillator.
2. What type of output can be generated using Phase Shift
Oscillator? Why?

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 Quadrature Oscillator
A Quadrature oscillator is an oscillator which
generates two signals (sine and cosine) that are in
quadrature—that is, out of phase by 90°.

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 Quadrature Oscillator

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 Quadrature Oscillator

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 Quadrature Oscillator

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 Quadrature Oscillator

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 Assignment
1. Design a quadrature oscillator to produce a output
of 10 kHz and 5 V.

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 Assignment
1. Design a quadrature oscillator to produce a output
of 10 kHz and 5 V.

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 Outline
1. Wien Bridge Oscillator
2. Colpitts Oscillator
3. Hartley Oscillator
4. Assignment

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 Three Phase Oscillator
A three-phase oscillator generates three sinusoidal
voltages of equal magnitude, but displaced by 120°
from each other.
Application: Generating control signal in power system

8/3/2021 Milton Kumar Kundu, Dept. of ECE, RUET 31

 Three Phase Oscillator

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 Three Phase Oscillator

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 Three Phase Oscillator

Equating the imaginary parts,

Equating the real parts,

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 Three Phase Oscillator

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 Wien Bridge Oscillator

C1

R3
R1

−
R2

R4 +
C2

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 Wien Bridge Oscillator
Application: Produce Sine wave of
Radio Frequency

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 Wien Bridge Oscillator

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 Wien Bridge Oscillator

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 Colpitts Oscillator
An LC oscillator to produce Sine wave of Radio
Frequency.

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 Colpitts Oscillator

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 Colpitts Oscillator

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 Hartley Oscillator

Resonance frequency and Gain???

Find them yourself…

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 Assignment

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 Assignment

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