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IP Address

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18 views

IP Address

Uploaded by

aman jatain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IP Address

IP Addresses
IP run at network layer - it must be
capable of providing communication
between hosts on different kinds of
networks.

The address must include information


about what network the receiving host is
on.
IP Addresses
IP addresses are logical addresses (or internet address)
32 bits.
IPv4 (version 4)
Includes a network ID and a host ID.
Every host must have a unique IP address.
IP Address Format

The 32-bit IP address is grouped eight


bits at a time, separated by dots, and
represented in decimal format (known
as dotted decimal notation).
The minimum value for an octet is 0, and
The maximum value for an octet is 255.
IP Addresses
IP Addresses are usually shown in dotted
decimal notation:
1.2.3.4 00000001 00000010 00000011 00000100
cs.rpi.edu is 128.213.1.1
10000000 11010101 00000001 00000001

CS has a class B network


IP Addressing

 Three fields of variable sizes (dependent on the class of the address)


◦ Class Type field defines the class (5 possible classes that an internet address is
part off)
◦ Network ID – up the class type, this field can be anywhere between 7 and 24 bits
◦ Host ID – up to the class type it can be anywhere between 8 and 24 bits
Internet Classes

 ClassA, B are full; class C still has available addresses; D is reserved


for multicasting and class E is reserved for future use
IP Broadcast and Network
Addresses
An IP broadcast addresses has a host ID of all
1s.

An IP address that has a host ID of all 0s is


called a network address and refers to an entire
network.
IP Address High-Order No. Bits
Class Format Purpose Bit(s) Network/Host Max. Hosts
A N.H.H.H1 Few large 0 7/24 167772142
organizations (224 - 2)

B N.N.H.H Medium-size 1, 0 14/16 65534 (216 - 2)


organizations

C N.N.N.H Relatively 1, 1, 0 21/8 254 (28 - 2)


small
organizations

D N/A Multicast 1, 1, 1, 0 N/A (not for N/A


groups (RFC commercial
1112) use)

E N/A Experimental 1, 1, 1, 1 N/A N/A


Two levels of hierarchy

 All the addresses on Internet have a network id and a host id


 To reach a specific host, first reach to the network using the first
portion of the address;
 then reach the host itself using the second portion of the IP address.
IP Subnet Addressing

IP networks can be divided into smaller


networks called subnetworks.
 Subnetting provides the network
administrator with several benefits (extra
flexibility, more efficient use of network
addresses, and the capability to contain
broadcast traffic).
Subnets are under local administration.
Three level hierarchy network
IP Subnet Mask
Subnet mask is a 4 byte (32 bit) number used to
identify the sub-network ID and the host ID
from an IP address.

A subnet address is created by "borrowing"


bits from the host field and designating them as
the subnet field.

 The number of borrowed bits varies and is


specified by the subnet mask.
Another Practical example

Consider network address 141.14.0.0, create 254 subnets with 254 hosts per subnet
Class B Subnetting Reference Chart
Number of Bits Subnet Mask Number of Subnets Number of Hosts
2 255.255.192.0 2 214-2

3 255.255.224.0 6 213-2

4 255.255.240.0 14 212-2

5 255.255.248.0 30 211-2

6 255.255.252.0 62 210-2

7 255.255.254.0 126 29-2

8 255.255.255.0 254 28-2

9 255.255.255.128 510 27-2

10 255.255.255.192 1022 26-2

11 255.255.255.224 2046 25-2

12 255.255.255.240 4094 24-2

13 255.255.255.248 8190 23-2

14 255.255.255.252 16382 22-2


Class C Subnetting Reference Chart
Number of Bits Subnet Mask Number of Subnets Number of Hosts

2 255.255.255.192 2 26-2

3 255.255.255.224 6 25-2

4 255.255.255.240 14 24-2

5 255.255.255.248 30 23-2

6 255.255.255.252 62 22-2
Masking
Example
Q. IP Address: 187.199.127.5
Sub-net mask: 255.255.255.0
A. Network Class: B
 Network ID: 187.199
 Result of logical AND operation: 187.199.127
 Sub-network ID: 127
 Host ID: 5

Q. IP Address: 187.199.127.5
Sub-net mask: 255.255.240.0
A. Network Class: B
 Network ID: 187.199
 Result of logical AND operation: 187.199.112.0
 Sub-network ID: 112
 Host ID: 15.5
Example(Continued..)
Q. IP Address: 187.199.127.5
 Sub-net mask: 255.255.128.0

A. Network Class: B
 Network ID: 187.199
 Result of logical AND operation: 187.199.0.0
 Sub-network ID: 0
 Host ID: 127.5
Types of subnetting

The two types of subnetting are:


Static length
Variable length
'Static Length' subnetting?

Supportsmultiple subnets of same


number of host
Using one subnet mask in all the subnets
'Variable Length' subnetting?
Multiple subnets of different number of
hosts
Using different subnet masks in different
subnets.
Disadvantage in using 'Static
Length' subnetting?
A large number of IP addresses will be wasted.

 e.g.let us say, we have a class C IP network address


192.9.205.0 sub-netted using a subnet mask
255.255.255.192.

 The total number of possible subnetwork is 2 and the


total number of possible hosts per subnetwork is 62.

 Even if a subnetwork has just 4 hosts, it will be


allocated the above subnetwork IP address, in this case
58 host IP addresses will be wasted.
Advantages:
Advantage 'Static Length' subnetting?
It is easy to configure a network using 'Static
Length' subnetting.

Advantage 'Variable Length' subnetting?


In the case of 'Variable Length' subnetwork, IP
addresses are allocated depending on the
number of hosts present in the subnetwork. So
available host IP addresses are efficiently used
and are not wasted.

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