Computer Software

•System Software
•Application Software

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 Introduction
• Computer software refers to the electronic
instructions and procedures that control the
operation of a computer.

• There are two major categories of software: System

software and application software.

• System software e.g. the Operating system manage

and coordinate all the other computer programs,
devices, resources and activities.

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 Introduction
• Application software like, Word-processors,
Spreadsheets, Media players and Games etc solve
the specific or exact needs of the user.

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 Introduction
• Computer
software can
be generally
classified and
broken down
as shown in
the following
chart:
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 Sub Topic 6.1: System Software
Sub topic Objectives:
6.1.1 Types of system software e.g.
operating systems, utilities and
programming languages.
6.1.2 Functions of operating systems.

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 6.1.1 Types of system software
• System software is a set of programs that
control or maintain all the operations of the
computer and its devices, such as the CPU,
communication links, and peripheral devices.
• System Software Includes:
– An Operating system,
– Device Drivers, Firmware,
– Utility Programs and
– Programming Languages, Translators and Library
Programs
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 Operating Systems
• An operating system is a generalized program
that manages and coordinates all the activities
taking place within a computer system.

• The operating system functions as a

middleman between the user and the
computer, as well as between application
software programs and the hardware devices.

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 Operating Systems
Device Drivers
• To communicate with the hardware devices,
the operating system relies on device drivers.
• A device driver is a program that accepts
instructions and then converts them into
commands that the device understands.
• Each device on a computer, such as the
keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, card
reader/writer, and scanner, has its own device
driver.
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 Where does the OS reside?
• In most cases, the operating system is installed and
resides on the computer's hard disk.
• During the boot process, usually the operating
system will look first in drive C: (the designation for
the hard disk drive) for the OS system files.
• On handheld computers and many mobile devices
such as smart phones, however, the operating
system may reside on a ROM chip.
• Permanently written data, instructions, or programs
written to a ROM chip with in a device by its
manufacturers are collectively called firmware.
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 Types of operating systems

• Early operating systems were proprietary and

device -dependent.
• A device-dependent program is one that runs only on a
specific type or brand of computer.
• Proprietary software is privately owned and limited to a
specific computer model.
• The trend today is toward device-independent operating
systems that will run on computers provided by a variety of
manufacturers.
• Three basic categories of operating systems exist today.
• They are stand-alone OS, network OS, and embedded OS.
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 Stand-alone operating systems
• A stand-alone operating system is a complete
operating system that works on a PC.
• Examples of popular stand-alone operating systems
include:
• Mac OS X, UNIX, Linux, MS-DOS and Windows (XP,
Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows
10 etc.).

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 Mac OS
• Macintosh operating system was released in 1984
with Apple’s Macintosh computers.
• Mac OS X includes features such as a GUI,
multitasking, large photo-quality icons,
• built-in networking support, email, online shopping,
enhanced speech recognition,
• CD burning, and enhanced multimedia capabilities.

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13
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 UNIX
• UNIX is a multitasking operating system developed
in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories.
• Some versions of UNIX have a command-line
interface, and others offer a graphical user
interface.
• Power users often work with UNIX because of its
flexibility and power.
• Manufacturers such as Sun and IBM often sell
personal computers and workstations with a UNIX
operating system.
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 Linux
• Linux is one of the fastest growing operating systems.
• Linux is a free, open source, UNIX-like operating
system.
• Open source software means its code is provided for
use, modification, and redistribution. It has no
restrictions from the copyright holder.
• Some versions of Linux are command-line. Others are
GUI.
• Linux comes with very many utilities and applications
such as open office.
• A Live CD of Linux allows users to boot from it and
preview the operating system without installing it.
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 MS-DOS
• In the early 1980s, Bill Gates’ Microsoft Corporation
introduced DOS (Disk Operating System) as its first
operating system for IBM PCs.
• DOS originally used a command-line interface.
• Later versions of DOS included both command-line
and menu-driven user interfaces.
• Today, DOS is rarely used because it does not offer
a graphical user interface and it cannot take full
advantage of modern computer microprocessors.

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US_Navy_Specialist_uses_the_existing_DOS-based
17
_food_service_management_system _2011 Slide 17/1
 Microsoft Windows
• Microsoft introduced an operating environment named
Windows 1.0 on November 20, 1985.
• It was Microsoft's first attempt to implement a multi-
tasking graphical user interface-based operating
environment on the PC platform.
• Since then, Many versions have been released, each
with various new innovative features and functions.
• These include Windows 2.0, Windows 95, 98, Me,
Windows NT 3.1, Windows 2000, Windows XP,
Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1
and Windows 10

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Screenshot of Windows 1.01

19
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 Windows
Windows
Vista
Vista
Features

20
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 Windows
Windows 88 Start
StartScreen
Screen
(Replaced the start menu)

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 Network Operating Systems
• A network operating system (NOS) is an operating
system that supports a network and typically
resides on the server.
• Some stand-alone OS systems include networking
capability.
• However, network operating systems are designed
specifically to support all sizes of networks.
• Examples of network operating systems include
Windows Server 2003, 2008, Solaris, and NetWare,
UNIX server, and Linux server.
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 Embedded Operating Systems
• An embedded operating system is an operating
system that resides on ROM chips and typically
used on handheld computers and small devices.
• Popular embedded operating systems today include
Windows Embedded CE, Windows Mobile, Palm
OS, Embedded Linux, and Symbian OS.

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Embedded Operating Systems

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 Factors to consider when choosing an
operating system
• When choosing an operating system for a computer
the following factors may be considered:
• The type of computer in terms of size and make.
Operating systems are available for all sizes of
computers.
• The hardware configuration of the computer such
as the memory capacity, processor speed and hard
disk capacity should meet the required minimum
requirements for a the operating system to run
well.
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 Factors to consider when choosing an
operating system
• The application software to be installed on the
computer should be supported by the operating
system. For example Microsoft Office 2010 cannot
run on Windows 2000.
• The operating system should be user friendly. This
depends on the skills of the intended users of the
computers.
• The operating system should have adequate
information and help guides for user reference.

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 Factors to consider when choosing an
operating system
• The cost of the operating system.
• Reliability and security provided by the operating
system.
• The number of processors and hardware devices it
can support.
• The number of users it can support
• The availability of basic utilities and accessory
programs within the operating system.

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 Utility Programs
• Utility software refers to system software designed
to analyze, optimize, enhance and maintain a
computer in good working conditions.
• Utility software usually focuses on how the
computer system operates. Although operating
systems typically include some built-in utilities,
many stand-alone utility programs are available.
• Examples include Antivirus, screen saver, file
compression, backup, disk checkers, disk cleaners,
disk defragmenters, file managers, sort, merge,
personal firewall, uninstaller, diagnostic utility, etc.
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 Utility Programs
1. Antivirus utilities are programs that 5. Disk checkers can scan the contents
scan for computer viruses, block, of a hard disk to find files or areas
remove, and disinfect files. that are corrupted in some way, or
2. A screen saver is a program that were not correctly saved.
automatically fills the computer’s 6. Disk cleaners can find files that are
screen with moving images or unnecessary to computer operation,
patterns when the computer is not in or take up considerable amounts of
use. Screensavers were originally space.
designed to prevent phosphor burn- 7. Disk defragmenters can detect
in (ghosting) on CRT monitors. computer files whose contents are
Currently, screensavers are used broken and spread across several
primarily for entertainment, locations on the hard disk, and
advertising or security purposes. combine the fragments to increase
3. Backup utilities can make a copy of efficiency.
data stored on a disk, and can restore 8. A search utility is a program that
it in case of data loss. attempts to locate a file on your
4. Cryptographic utilities encrypt and computer based on criteria you
decrypt streams and files. specify.
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 Utility Programs
9. Disk partitioning utility can divide 12. Merge utility for merging or combining
an individual drive into multiple different files in one.
logical drives, each with its own file 13. A file compression utility shrinks the
system which can be mounted by size of a file.
the operating system and treated as 14. A personal firewall is a utility that
an individual drive. detects and protects a personal
10. Archive utilities output a stream or computer from unauthorized intrusions.
a single file when provided with a 15. An uninstaller is a utility that removes a
directory or a set of files. Archive program, as well as any associated
suites, at times include compression entries in the system files.
and encryption capabilities. 16. A diagnostic utility compiles technical
11. File managers provide a convenient information about your computer's
method of performing routine data hardware and certain system software
management tasks, such as deleting, programs and then prepares a report
renaming, cataloging, moving, outlining any identified problems.
copying, merging, generating files 17. A sort utility organizes files in any
and modifying data sets. chosen order.
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 Programming Languages
• A programming language is a notation for writing computer
software.
• Programming languages are can be used to create the
procedures and specifications of a computation or
algorithm.
• When computers execute programs written in languages
such as BASIC, C, Java, etc., the computer must convert
these humanly readable instructions into a form it can
understand.
• Compilers, interpreters, and assemblers are special
language translation library programs that translate the
higher-level language programs into the lowest level
machine language that the computer can execute.
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 6.1.2 Functions of operating systems
Most operating systems e) Monitoring
provide similar functions that performance
are outlined as follows : f) Providing file
a) Starting a computer, management.
(Booting the computer) g) Administering security.
b) Providing a user interface, h) Managing resources.
c) Managing programs, i) Coordinating tasks, and
d) Configuring devices, (Device Spooling.
drivers are often needed). j) Managing memory,
Plug and Play devices are
k) Establishing network
recognized automatically.
connections
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6.1.2 Functions of operating systems

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 a) Starting a computer, (Booting the
computer)
• The process of starting or
restarting a computer is
mainly managed by the
operating system.
• When you instruct the
computer to Turn Off, (See
figure), the operating system
properly closes any open
processes and programs,
saves your settings, and shuts
down the computer.

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 b) Providing a User Interface
• Computer users interact with software through its
user interface.
• A user interface is the part of the software with
which you interact; it controls how data and
instructions are entered and information is
presented on the screen.
• It is through the user interface of an operating
system that you communicate with the computer.

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 Types of user interfaces
• Three types of user interfaces are:
i. command-line interface (CLI),
ii. menu-driven interface (MDI), and
iii. graphical user interface (GUI).
• Most operating systems use a combination of these
types of user interfaces to define how you interact
with your computer.

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Command-line interface

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 Command-line interface
• Command-line interfaces often are difficult to use
because the commands used require exact spelling
and punctuation.
• Minor syntax errors, such as a missing period,
generate error messages.
• Command-line interfaces, however, give a user
more control to manage detailed settings, and
execute programs faster.

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 Command-line interface (cont)
• Shown here are some typical CLI commands.
• NB To view a list of more common commands, type help at
the command prompt.

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 Menu-driven interface
• A menu-driven interface provides menus
as a means of entering commands.
• Menu-driven interfaces are easier to
learn than CLI because users do not have
to cram keywords for commands.
• The characteristic of being easy to learn
and use is described as being user-
friendly.

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Menu-driven interface

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 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Most of today's software programs have a graphical
user interface (GUI).
• A GUI is a user Interface in which visual images such
as icons and buttons are used to issue commands.
• Of all the interfaces a GUI typically is the most user
friendly, because it does not require you to know
any command language.

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 Disadvantages of a
GUI as compared to CLI

• GUI requires the computer to have

more RAM as compared to Command
Line.
• Command line instructions execute
faster than GUI instructions.

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Examples of
Elements/
Objects of a
GUI

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 Examples of Elements/ Objects of a
GUI
• Icons • Radio Buttons
• Command Buttons • Preview areas
• Drop Down Lists • Slider buttons
• Check boxes • Tabs
• List Boxes • Menus
• Dialogue boxes • Text boxes
• Windows • Toolbars
• Cursor • e.t.c.
• Scroll bars

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 c) File management
• The operating systems help to organize files and
folders on a computer’s hard disk drive.

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 d) Managing Programs
• Operating systems can support just one user
running one program or many of users running
multiple programs.
• These various capabilities of operating systems are
described as
• (i) single tasking,
• (ii)Single-user and multi-user,
• (iii) multitasking, and
• (iv)multiprocessing,

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 d) Managing Programs (cont)

• In addition to application
programs, an operating
system manages other
processes.
• Some of these processes
are memory resident.
• They include utilities and
routines that provide
support to other
programs or hardware.
• . Slide 48/1
 e) Managing Memory
• The purpose of memory management is to
optimize the use of RAM. RAM holds data and
instructions while the processor is using them.
• The operating system allocates, data and
instructions to an area of memory while they are
being processed, and carefully monitors the
contents of RAM.
• Finally, the operating system releases these items
from RAM when the processor no longer requires
them.
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 e) Managing Memory (cont.)
• If you have many programs running at a go, it is possible to run
out of RAM. So, the OS may have to use virtual memory.
• With virtual memory, the operating system allocates a portion
of a storage medium, usually the hard disk, to function as
additional RAM.
• As you interact with a program, part of it may be in physical
RAM, while the rest of the program is on the hard disk as
virtual memory.
• Users may notice the computer slowing down while it uses
virtual memory, because virtual memory is slower than RAM.
• The area of the hard disk used for virtual memory is called a
swap file

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 f) Coordinating Tasks
• The operating system determines the order in
which tasks are processed.
• A task, or job, is a piece of work or operation that
the processor manages.
• Tasks include receiving data from an input device,
processing instructions, sending information to an
output device, and transferring items from storage
to memory and from memory to storage.
• Thousands of tasks can be going on in a computer
simultaneously.
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 f) Coordinating Tasks (cont.)
• Sometimes, a device may be busy processing one
job when it receives a second job.
• This occurs because the processor operates at a
much faster rate of speed than peripheral devices.
• For example, if the processor sends five print jobs
to a printer, yet the printer can print only one
document at a time.
• When this happens, the OS allocates / assigns
memory to the jobs in the execution queue in an
area called the buffer.
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 f) Coordinating Tasks (cont.)
• A BUFFER is an area of memory or storage in which data and
information is placed while waiting to be transferred to or from
an input or output device.
• Operating systems typically use a technique called spooling to
increase computer system efficiency.
• SPOOLING refers to the process of putting tasks that need to be
done into a buffer until they can be executed.
• The operating system commonly uses a print spooler with print
jobs. A print spooler, intercepts documents to be printed from
the operating system and places them in the queue in the
buffer.
• As soon as the print job is placed in the buffer, the CPU is
available to process the next instruction.
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 Spooling (illustration)

• Spooling increases both processor and printer

efficiency by placing print jobs in a buffer on disk
before they are printed.
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 g) Configuring Devices
• If you add a new device to your computer, such as a
printer, its driver must be installed before the
device will be operational.
• For devices with Plug and Play support, the OS
recognizes the new device and loads the necessary
drivers automatically.
• It also checks for conflicts with other devices.

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 g) Configuring Devices (cont)
• For devices that are not Plug and Play, Windows
operating system provides a wizard to guide users
through the installation steps.
• If you have an Internet connection, the Wizard will
search an online repository of device drivers.
• If Windows still is unable to find a driver, you can
download one from the manufacturer's Web site
manually.
• Alternatively you can install the drivers from a
CD-ROM provided with the purchased device.
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 h) Establishing an Network Connection

• Operating systems typically provide a means to

establish Network connections.
• This is through a "Connect to a network" Wizard
that guides users through the process of setting up
a connection between a computer a network
provider.
• Some operating systems also include a Web
browser and an e-mail program, enabling you to
begin using the Web and communicate with others
as soon as you set up the Internet connection.
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 i) Monitoring Performance
• The OS monitors the performance of the computer system.
• It keeps track of each computer job, the various system
resources and devices, the processor usage, the amount of
unused physical RAM, and network usage.
• Operating systems typically contain a performance
monitor.
• A performance monitor is a program that assesses and
reports information about various computer resources and
devices.
• The information in performance reports helps users and
administrators to identify a problem with the resources so
they can try to resolve any problems.
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 j) Administering Security
• The OS helps users to administer computer access
security by use of a user name or user ID and a
password, before a user logs on to, a computer.
• After entering a user ID and password, the
operating system compares the user's entry with a
list of authorized user names and passwords.
• If the entry matches the user name and password
kept on file, the operating system grants the user
access.

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 j)Administering Security (cont)
• To protect sensitive data and information as it
travels over the network, a network operating
system may encrypt it to prevent unauthorized
users from reading the data.
• Encryption is the process of encoding data and
information into an unreadable form.
• When an authorized user attempts to read the
data, it is decrypted, or converted back into a
readable form.

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 Sub Topic 6.2. Application
Software
Sub topic Objectives:
• 6.2.1 To be able to identify and describe the
different types of application software (with
examples).
– Focus on types of application software will be on
Off-shelf, Custom-tailored, Shareware, Freeware
and Open-source application software.
• 6.2.2 To be able to explain the uses of
application software.

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 6.2.1 Types of Application Software
• Application software consists of programs designed
to perform specific tasks for end-users.
• The common Classifications of application software
include:
– Off-the-shelf (standard) software,
– Custom (bespoke) software,
– Shareware, Freeware,
– Open-source, Public-domain software,
– Web-based software, copyrighted software,
– Special Purpose and General purpose.

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 Off-shelf software

• This refers to packaged software that is

designed to meet the needs of a wide variety
of end users.
• Off the shelf software is mass-produced,
commercially sold software, and copyrighted.
• Microsoft Office Word and Adobe Photoshop
are examples of Off the shelf software.

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 Custom (bespoke) software,
• Custom software is tailor-made software, which is
developed at a user's request to perform specific
functions.
• Sometimes, when a company cannot find packaged
soft-ware that meets its unique requirements, it
pays computer programmers to write custom
software that is specifically tailored to meet the
needs of the company.
• Custom software usually costs more than packaged
software.
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 Comparison of the characteristics Standard and
Custom Software
STANDARD SOFTWARE IS… CUSTOM SOFTWARE IS…
1. Easy to use, because it is known by 1. Unique, and requires extensive
many people. training before use.
2. Cheaper because it is massively 2. Expensive because it requires
produced and packaged for commercial hiring a programmer.
purposes.
3. Easy to acquire because it is already 3. Difficult to acquire due to the time
made. needed for programming it.
4. More reliable because it is tried and 4. May contain programming errors
well tested by many users. since it is not tested adequately.
5. Containing online help to guide users 5. Usually lacking online help services.
in case of any problems in use.
6. Can not be modified or changed to 6. Meets all user requirements and
meet unique user requirements. can be edited if need arises. Slide 65/1
 Copyrighted software

• Copyrighted software refers to computer

programs with restrictions regarding use,
modification, and redistribution.
• You have to pay for copyrighted software and
must not copy it without permission from the
manufacturer.
• Copying copyrighted software without paying
for it is clearly unethical and illegal.

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 Shareware
• Shareware is copyrighted software that is
distributed at no cost for a trial period.
• To use a shareware program beyond that
period, you send payment to the program
developer.
• In some cases, a scaled-down version of the
software is distributed free, and payment
entitles the user to the fully functional
product.
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 Freeware
• Freeware is copyrighted software
provided at no cost by an individual or a
company that retains all rights to the
software.
• Therefore, other programmers cannot
include freeware in applications they
intend to sell.

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 Open-source
• Open source software is software
provided for use, modification, and
redistribution. This software has no
restrictions from the copyright holder.
• Open source software usually can be
downloaded from the Web at no cost.

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 Public-domain software
• Public-domain software has been
donated for public use and has no
copyright restrictions.
• Anyone can copy or distribute public-
domain software to others at no cost.

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 Web-based software
• Web-based software refers to programs hosted by a
Web site.
• Users access and interact with Web-based software
from any computer or device that is connected to
the Internet.
• Many Web sites allow free access to their
programs; some charge a fee.
• Examples of Web-based software include e-mail,
Website builders, online games, travel and mapping
software ,e.t.c.
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Web-based software

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 Special Purpose (Specialized) Software

This refers to computer programs developed and

dedicated to accomplish particular jobs only.
Programs that run on special purpose computers like
ATMs are special purpose software.
Other Examples of specialized software include:
• Business – Transaction and Sales Management
software.
• Science and Engineering software etc..

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 General purpose software

• This refers to a Wide a variety of application

programs that perform many common tasks.
• Varieties of General purpose application
programs include Word processing programs,
Spreadsheet programs, web browsers,
Graphics programs, etc.

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 6.2.2 Uses of Popular Application
software packages and their Examples

• (A). Word Processors – Used for producing

textual documents like letters, notes, reports,
memos, etc. Examples Include:
• WordPerfect,
• Lotus Word Pro,
• Word Star,
• OpenOffice.org Writer,

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples

(B). Spread sheet software - Used for

performing calculations, and the creating of
graphs. Examples include:
• Microsoft Excel,
• Lotus 1-2-3,
• KSpread,
• OpenOffice.org Calc,

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
(C).Database management software (DBMS)- Used
to create and manage an organized collection of
related and structured information (a database).
Examples include:
• Lotus Approach,
• Microsoft Access,
• OpenOffice.org Base,
• Corel Paradox,

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
(D). Presentation software - These applications are
used for making presentations and slide shows that
can aid a speech presentation. Examples include:
• Screencast ,
• Microsoft PowerPoint,
• OpenOffice.org Impress,
• Adobe Persuasion,

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 E) Communications software
• One of the main reasons people use computers is
to communicate and share information with others.
A variety of communications software options exist.
Common communications software includes Web
browsers, e-mail software, chat rooms,
newsgroups, Text messaging, FTP programs, blog
software, and teleconferencing software.

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
• (F).Computer aided design (CAD) software - Used
by engineers and architects to produce technical
drawings such as designs of building structures and
floor plans
Examples include
• ArchiCAD,
• AutoCAD, e.t.c.

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CAD software - illustration

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
• G). Desktop publishing software - These are
applications used for creating publications like
cards, flyers, calendars, brochures, Newsletters,
Certificates, etc. Examples include:
• Microsoft Publisher,
• Celframe Publisher,
• Adobe Page Maker,
• e.t.c.

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
(H).Web browsing software for displaying Webpages
from the internet or html documents on
computers. Examples Include:
• Mozilla Firefox,
• Internet Explorer,
• Safari,
• Opera
• Netscape Navigator, e.t.c.

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
(I). Web authoring software – Used by webmasters
for building websites. Examples include:
• Microsoft FrontPage,
• Adobe Dreamweaver,
• Microsoft Expression Web,
• Antenna Web Design Studio

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
• (J). Media Players for Audio and Video playback
on computers. Examples include:
• Windows Media Player,
• Nero Showtime,
• JetAudio,
• Power DVD,
• VLC Media Player, e.t.c.

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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
• (K). Graphics software – Used by graphic
designers to create and design artistic graphics and
to manipulate visual images on a computer such as
logos, cartoons etc. Examples include
• Paint,
• Adobe Photo shop,
• Corel Draw,
• Adobe Illustrator etc.

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 Graphics Software - Illustration
• A digitally
altered
photograph
shows sports
star Michael
Jordan (born
1963) meeting
famous
scientist Albert
Einstein (who
died in 1955).
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 Uses of Popular Application software
varieties and their Examples
• (L) Accounting software helps companies to record
and report their financial transactions.
• With accounting soft-ware, you perform accounting
activities related to the general ledger, accounts
receivable, accounts payable, purchasing, invoicing,
job costing, payroll functions, etc.
• Examples include Quick Books

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Accounting software

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 M) Audio and video editing software

• Audio editing software lets users produce studio

quality soundtracks.
• With video editing software, you can modify video
clips: you can reduce the length of a video clip,
reorder a series of clips, or add special effects such
as words that move horizontally across the screen,
etc.

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Audio and video editing software

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 N) Images Viewing software
• This refers to computer applications primarily used
for previewing digital photographs on the computer
screen.
• Many have basic features such as viewing
thumbnails, slideshows, printing and simple editing
such as cropping and resizing.
• Examples of Image viewers include:
Microsoft Office Picture Manager, Windows Photo
viewer, Picasa photo viewer, etc.

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 O) Reference software
• Reference software provides valuable and thorough
information for all individuals.
• Popular reference software includes encyclopedias,
dictionaries, health/medical guides, and travel
directories.
• Examples include:
• Encyclopaedia Britannica 2011 Ultimate Reference
DVD
• Microsoft Student with Encarta Premium, e.t.c.

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 P) Note Taking software
• Note taking software enables users to enter typed
text, handwritten comments, drawings, or sketches
anywhere on a page and then save the page as part
of a notebook .
• The software can convert handwritten comments to
typed text or store the notes in handwritten form.
• Examples include Microsoft Office OneNote

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Note Taking software

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 Q) Text Editors
• Text editors are simple word processors that are
generally used to type without any special
formatting.
• Text editors are mainly used to create small notes,
memos and programs.
• Examples of common text editors are: Notepad,
Notepad++, Sublime Text, Gedit etc.

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 R) Gaming Software
• These are programs developed as electronic game
that involve human interaction with a user interface
to generate visual feedback on a computer.
• Common computer games include solitaire, chess
titans, Racing, StarCraft, Need for Speed, e.t.c.

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 S) Email Software / Email client
• Email software (Commonly known as email client) is a
computer program used to access and manage a user's
email account.
• Web applications that provide message management,
composition, and reception functions are sometimes also
commonly referred to as webmail.
• Popular locally installed email clients include Microsoft
Outlook, Pegasus Mail, Mozilla's Thunderbird, KMail,
Evolution and Apple Mail.
• Popular web-based email clients include: GMail, Yahoo!
Mail, mail.com, Lycos mail, and Hotmail.

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 Software Suites
• A software suite is a collection of individual application soft-
ware programs sold as a single package. When you install the
suite, you install the entire collection of applications at once
instead of installing each application individually.
• Types of software suites include the following:
– Internet suite. Internet suites usually include a web browser, e-
mail client, download manager, HTML editor, and an IRC client.
Examples include Mozilla Application Suite and SeaMonkey
internet suite
– Graphics suite. . A collections of programs for graphics work that
are distributed together. Most graphics application suites include
at least a bitmap graphics editor and a vector graphics editor.
Examples include Adobe graphics suite and CorelDRAW Graphics
Suite.
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 Software Suites
• Office suite. An office suite is a collection of bundled
productivity software intended to be used by knowledge
workers. The earliest office suite for personal computers
was Starburst in the early 1980s, comprising the word
processor WordStar, together with companion apps
CalcStar (spreadsheet) and DataStar (database). Currently,
Microsoft Office Software suite is the most popular suite
used wordwide.
• At a minimum, office suites typically include the following
software applications: word processing, spreadsheet,
database, and presentation graphics. The following table
shows details of the popular Office Suites
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 Popular office software suites
SUITE Word Spreadsheet Presentation Database
NAME Processor Program Management
Software
Lotus Smart Lotus Word Lotus 1-2-3 Lotus Lotus
Suite Pro Freelance Approach
Graphics
Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft
Office Word Excel PowerPoint Access
KOffice KWord KSpread KPresenter Kexi
OpenOffice. OpenOffice. OpenOffice. OpenOffice. OpenOffice.
org org Writer org Calc org Impress org Base
WordPerfect WordPerfect Quattro Pro Corel Corel Paradox
Office Presentations
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 Popular office software suites
SUITE Word Spreadsheet Presentation Database
NAME Processor Program Management
Software
Celframe Celframe Celframe Celframe Power Celframe
Office Write Spreadsheet Presentation Data Access
Ability Ability Write Ability Ability Ability
Office Spreadsheet Presentation Database
Kingsoft Kingsoft Kingsoft Kingsoft (None)
Office Writer Spreadsheets Presentation
Apple Apple Apple Apple Keynote (None)
iWork Pages Numbers

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 Advantages of using software suites
• Costs significantly cheaper than buying each of the
application package separately
• Easy to learn and use because applications within a
suite usually use a similar interface and share
common features such as clip art and toolbars.
• Programs integrated together in a software suite
can interact with each other, sometimes in ways
that the operating system would not normally
allow.
• Easy installation because all the various applications
can be installed at once.
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 Factors to consider before obtaining a
software program
• correctness — the software should do what it is
supposed to do, according to the design
specifications.
• robustness — the software should be stable, and it
should respond well to unexpected conditions e.g.
wrong input.
• user-friendliness — the software should be easy to
use by users from the intended audience.
• adaptability — the software should be easy to
customize/modify to adjust to the needs of the
user.
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 Factors to consider before obtaining a software
program (cont)

• reusability — the parts of the software code should

be easily reused to build other programs.
• interoperability — the software should be able to
interface with other software systems.
• efficiency — the software should make good use of
its resources i.e. (memory, disk, CPU, network)
• portability — the software should be easy transfer
from one system to another.
• security — the software should be able to protect
the information it is responsible for.

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 Characteristics of Good computer
software
• ...provides the required functionality.
• ...is usable by real (i.e. simple) users.
• ...is predictable, reliable and dependable.
• ...functions efficiently.
• ...has a "life-time" (measured in years).
• ...provides an appropriate user interface.
• ...is accompanied by complete documentation.
• ...can be easily customized/configured.
• ...can be "easily" maintained and updated.

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 Learning Aids and Support Tools for
Application Software

• To assist in the learning process, many programs

provide off line Help, Web-based Help, wizards, and
templates.
• Off line Help is the electronic equivalent of a user
manual. It usually is integrated in a program. In
most programs, the F1 key or a button on the
screen starts the Help feature.
• Web-based Help provides updates and more
comprehensive resources to respond to technical
issues about software.
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 Learning Aids and Support Tools for
Application Software
• A wizard is computer program that guides a user through a
procedure of completing a task. The wizard asks the user
questions and then automatically performs actions based
on the responses.
• For example, spreadsheet software includes wizards for
creating charts and building functions.
• A template is a document that contains the layout and
formatting necessary for a specific document type.
• For example Word processors contain templates for, cover
sheets, flyers, letters, resumes/CVs, etc..

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 Subsidiary
ICT for
Uganda

End of Topic 6:
Computer Software

Next Topic 7: Electronic Spreadsheets I

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